Anomodon tristis |
Anomodon |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
anomodon moss |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habit | Plants small, filiform to wiry, dark brownish green. | Plants small to large, ± glaucous, green to rusty brown. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 0.5–1.5 cm, 0.3–0.5 mm thick when dry, rarely branched, primary branches prostrate; central strand cells not differentiated; pseudoparaphyllia absent; rhizoids few. |
with branches erect to arcuate, sometimes attenuate to flagellate distally; central strand cells differentiated or not; pseudoparaphyllia absent in all but 2 species. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Branch leaves | julaceous when dry, spreading, not complanate when moist, delicate, narrowly ligulate to tapering, 0.5–0.9 mm; base narrowly decurrent; margins plane, crenulate toward apex by prominent papillae; apex narrowly obtuse to acuminate, often broken off; costa weak, ending before mid leaf, obscured by laminal cells almost throughout, pellucid proximally, abaxial costa cells smooth; basal laminal cells few, pellucid, smooth, region not reaching margin; medial cells round, 4 µm, papillae many, unbranched. |
appressed to moderately secund or crispate when dry, complanate or erect to imbricate when moist, broadly ovate to lanceolate, ± abruptly narrowed mid leaf, not plicate proximally (somewhat plicate in A. longifolius); margins plane, sometimes undulate or revolute, entire, papillose, crenulate, serrulate, or sometimes denticulate near apex; apex rounded, obtuse, acute, or narrowly acuminate; costa usually strong, sometimes obscured by laminal cells and ending before mid leaf, sometimes discreetly, asymmetrically 2-fid at end, abaxial costa cells smooth or papillose; laminal cells hexagonal, obscure to irregular, small, papillae 1 or many, high, on both surfaces, walls thin; basal cells sometimes oblong, pellucid, smooth, walls incrassate. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Seta | to 2.2 cm. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Capsule | symmetric; stomata sometimes present; peristome reduced (well developed in A. rostratus); exostome teeth white to pale brown, densely papillose, occasionally cross striolate, sometimes slightly trabeculate; endostome sometimes very reduced or absent (sect. Haplohymenium), basal membrane 2–7 cells high, segments keeled to linear and reduced or absent. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Calyptra | smooth to papillose or hirsute (sect. Haplohymenium). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spores | 9–20(–23) µm. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Perichaetia | rare, on terminal branches, leaves oblong, apex acuminate, laminal cells with 1 or 2 papillae per lumen. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sporophytes | unknown. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Perichaetial | leaves well differentiated. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Anomodon tristis |
Anomodon |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Bark of trees, deciduous forests | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | moderate to high elevations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; HI; NB; NS; ON; QC; Mexico (Jalisco, Nuevo León, Sonora, Veracruz); Central America (Costa Rica); South America (Bolivia); Europe; Asia |
North America; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America (Bolivia); Europe; s Africa; Pacific Islands (New Zealand); Australia; temperate; circumboreal regions |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Although the degree to which the apex breaks off is variable within Anomodon tristis, the character allows for easy identification of this species and others in sect. Haplohymenium. However, other taxa outside the section also present this feature. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 16 (8 in the flora). Anomodon viticulosus grows mostly on shaded calcareous outcrops, but the other species are found on tree trunks, including their base, logs, or sometimes soil or rock. Anomodon attenuatus, A. minor, and A. rostratus may grow on the same tree, with A. rugelii sometimes joining them in submontane regions. Although A. tristis may be found growing with the above species, it usually forms much thinner, more delicate mats higher on the tree. In North America, at least two species (A. attenuatus and A. rostratus) fruit profusely; A. minor and A. rugelii fruit less abundantly and perhaps less frequently, while sporophytes of A. viticulosus are extremely rare in North America (only one fertile specimen of A. viticulosus seen, none of A. tristis). Haplohymenium was created to accommodate plants that resemble Anomodon but are more slender and have a papillose calyptra with long, hyaline scattered hairs. Segregating Haplohymenium would make the rest of Anomodon paraphyletic, as Haplohymenium is a sister group of A. minor, A. rugelii, and A. viticulosus, all of which are part of subg. Anomodon (Í. Granzow-de la Cerda 1997); these taxa are more distantly related to subg. Pseudoanomodon (Limpricht) Ochyra, to which A. attenuatus and A. rostratus belong. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 28, p. 633. | FNA vol. 28, p. 629. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Anomodontaceae > Anomodon | Anomodontaceae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Leskea tristis, Haplohymenium triste, Hypnum triste | Haplohymenium | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Cesati) Sullivant & Lesquereux: in W. S. Sullivant, Musc. Hepat. U.S., 241. (1856) | Hooker & Taylor: Muscol. Brit., 79, plates 3 [near upper right], 33 [upper center left & right]. (1818) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |