Anomodon tristis |
Anomodon rugelii |
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Rugel's anomodon moss |
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Habit | Plants small, filiform to wiry, dark brownish green. | Plants small, in thick, dense mats, dark green to rusty brown. |
Stems | 0.5–1.5 cm, 0.3–0.5 mm thick when dry, rarely branched, primary branches prostrate; central strand cells not differentiated; pseudoparaphyllia absent; rhizoids few. |
to 3.5(–5) cm, 0.8–1.5 mm thick when dry, poorly branched, primary branches erect-ascending, somewhat arcuate; central strand cells differentiated; pseudoparaphyllia foliose; rhizoids many. |
Branch leaves | julaceous when dry, spreading, not complanate when moist, delicate, narrowly ligulate to tapering, 0.5–0.9 mm; base narrowly decurrent; margins plane, crenulate toward apex by prominent papillae; apex narrowly obtuse to acuminate, often broken off; costa weak, ending before mid leaf, obscured by laminal cells almost throughout, pellucid proximally, abaxial costa cells smooth; basal laminal cells few, pellucid, smooth, region not reaching margin; medial cells round, 4 µm, papillae many, unbranched. |
incurved-contorted when dry, erect-spreading, somewhat secund when moist, broadly oblong-ligulate, (1.2–)1.4–2.3(–2.5) mm; base auriculate; margins plane, spiny-papillose in auricles, sometimes minutely denticulate in apex; apex broadly obtuse to rounded, often apiculate, intact; costa strong, ending sharply near apex, not obscured by laminal cells distally, 2-fid at end, pellucid, golden yellow to rusty brown, abaxial costa cells smooth; basal laminal cells hyaline, smooth, region occupying more than 1/2 basal portion of lamina; medial and distal cells hexagonal, 7–12 µm, papillae many, branched. |
Seta | (0.5–)0.9–2.2 cm. |
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Capsule | elongate, urn (1–)1.8–2.3(–2.5) mm; stomata at base; annulus absent; operculum obliquely short-rostrate, 0.5–0.8 mm; exostome teeth regular, 0.1–0.3 mm, papillose, often inconspicuously horizontally striolate at base, trabeculate distally; endostome rudimentary, basal membrane 2–4(–6) cells high, segments very reduced or absent. |
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Spores | 9–14 µm, slightly papillose. |
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Perichaetia | rare, on terminal branches, leaves oblong, apex acuminate, laminal cells with 1 or 2 papillae per lumen. |
at end of terminal secondary branches, leaves abruptly narrowed toward apex, becoming almost subulate, laminal cells papillose. |
Sporophytes | unknown. |
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Anomodon tristis |
Anomodon rugelii |
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Phenology | Capsules mature mid fall. | |
Habitat | Bark of trees, deciduous forests | Tree trunks (generally 1-2 m above base), basic and acidic rock, montane deciduous forests |
Elevation | moderate to high elevations | moderate to high elevations |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; HI; NB; NS; ON; QC; Mexico (Jalisco, Nuevo León, Sonora, Veracruz); Central America (Costa Rica); South America (Bolivia); Europe; Asia |
GA; IL; IN; KY; MA; ME; MI; MO; NC; NH; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; NB; NS; ON; QC; c Europe; n Europe; Asia |
Discussion | Although the degree to which the apex breaks off is variable within Anomodon tristis, the character allows for easy identification of this species and others in sect. Haplohymenium. However, other taxa outside the section also present this feature. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Distinctive characters for Anomodon rugelii include the rusty brownish color, feltlike primary branches due to the abundance of rhizoids, more slender branches with strongly incurved leaves when dry, redness of the costa, and above all, conspicuous auricles at the leaf base. The auricles have long-branched papillae on the margins. Apiculate leaves are not a reliable character, as there are many plants the leaves of which are obtuse to rounded and lack an apiculus. Anomodon rugelii usually has foliose pseudoparaphyllia, although they can sometimes be completely 1-seriate. Fruiting mats are infrequent, but when found, sporophytes are produced in abundance. The perigonial leaves have crenulate distal margins and laminal cells with few to no papillae. The branch leaf costae are sometimes slightly flexuose. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 28, p. 633. | FNA vol. 28, p. 631. |
Parent taxa | Anomodontaceae > Anomodon | Anomodontaceae > Anomodon |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Leskea tristis, Haplohymenium triste, Hypnum triste | Hypnum rugelii |
Name authority | (Cesati) Sullivant & Lesquereux: in W. S. Sullivant, Musc. Hepat. U.S., 241. (1856) | (Müller Hal.) Keissler: Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 15: 214. (1900) |
Web links |