Flora of North America species comparison

0.5–1.5 cm, 0.3–0.5 mm thick when dry, rarely branched, primary branches prostrate;

central strand cells not differentiated;

pseudoparaphyllia absent;

rhizoids few.

to 3.5(–5) cm, 0.8–1.5 mm thick when dry, poorly branched, primary branches erect-ascending, somewhat arcuate;

central strand cells differentiated;

pseudoparaphyllia foliose;

rhizoids many.

julaceous when dry, spreading, not complanate when moist, delicate, narrowly ligulate to tapering, 0.5–0.9 mm;

base narrowly decurrent;

margins plane, crenulate toward apex by prominent papillae;

apex narrowly obtuse to acuminate, often broken off;

costa weak, ending before mid leaf, obscured by laminal cells almost throughout, pellucid proximally, abaxial costa cells smooth;

basal laminal cells few, pellucid, smooth, region not reaching margin;

medial cells round, 4 µm, papillae many, unbranched.

incurved-contorted when dry, erect-spreading, somewhat secund when moist, broadly oblong-ligulate, (1.2–)1.4–2.3(–2.5) mm;

base auriculate;

margins plane, spiny-papillose in auricles, sometimes minutely denticulate in apex;

apex broadly obtuse to rounded, often apiculate, intact;

costa strong, ending sharply near apex, not obscured by laminal cells distally, 2-fid at end, pellucid, golden yellow to rusty brown, abaxial costa cells smooth;

basal laminal cells hyaline, smooth, region occupying more than 1/2 basal portion of lamina;

medial and distal cells hexagonal, 7–12 µm, papillae many, branched.

(0.5–)0.9–2.2 cm.

elongate, urn (1–)1.8–2.3(–2.5) mm;

stomata at base;

annulus absent;

operculum obliquely short-rostrate, 0.5–0.8 mm;

exostome teeth regular, 0.1–0.3 mm, papillose, often inconspicuously horizontally striolate at base, trabeculate distally;

endostome rudimentary, basal membrane 2–4(–6) cells high, segments very reduced or absent.

9–14 µm, slightly papillose.

rare, on terminal branches, leaves oblong, apex acuminate, laminal cells with 1 or 2 papillae per lumen.

at end of terminal secondary branches, leaves abruptly narrowed toward apex, becoming almost subulate, laminal cells papillose.

unknown.