Flora of North America species comparison

to 2.5(–6) cm, (0.6–)1–1.7 mm thick when dry, not or seldom branched, not pinnate, primary branches erect-ascending to arcuate, julaceous when dry, secondary branches not attenuate, often slightly clavate at apices;

central strand cells poorly or not differentiated;

pseudoparaphyllia absent;

rhizoids few.

1.5–3 cm, 0.8–1 mm thick when dry, profusely branched, irregularly pinnate, primary branches prostrate to arcuate, mostly attenuate, secondary branches attenuate at apices;

central strand cells not differentiated;

pseudoparaphyllia absent;

rhizoids somewhat abundant.

imbricate, appressed, or rarely slightly crisped when dry, erect to spreading, complanate, not secund when moist, broadly oblong-ligulate, sometimes slightly spatulate, abruptly narrowed mid leaf, (1–)1.5–2.3(–3) mm;

base broadly decurrent;

margins undulate, sometimes infolded, sometimes dentate to spinulose at insertion because of very high papillae, entire at apex;

apex rounded, intact;

costa moderately strong, ending before apex, not obscured by laminal cells, often 2-fid at end, pellucid, abaxial costa cells papillose, papillae rounded-simple, in rows;

basal laminal cells hyaline, mostly papillose, region extending to 1/3 basal leaf portion;

medial and distal cells hexagonal, 7–12 µm wide, papillae many, branched.

appressed when dry, complanate when moist, ligulate, slightly narrowed mid leaf, 1.2–2(–2.2) mm;

base broadly decurrent;

margins plane, entire from base to apex (cells moderately mammillose at insertion), sometimes denticulate near apex;

apex acute, sometimes obtuse or slightly apiculate, intact;

costa strong, sharply ending a few cells before apex, sometimes fading in youngest leaves, not obscured by laminal cells distally, pellucid, abaxial costa cells smooth;

basal laminal cells hyaline or sometimes chlorophyllose, papillae few, region sometimes extending more than 1/2 length of leaf base;

distal cells quadrate, 6–8 µm, papillae many, branched.

0.4–1.6 cm.

1–1.5 cm.

ovoid, urn 1.5–2.2 mm;

stomata absent;

annulus well developed;

operculum obliquely short-rostrate, 0.3–0.6 mm;

exostome teeth irregular, to 0.4 mm, not striolate proximally, papillose distally, often trabeculate;

endostome very reduced, basal membrane to 2 cells high, segments irregular, fragmentary.

oblong, urn 1.6–2.8 mm;

stomata at base;

annulus not differentiated;

operculum obliquely short-rostrate, 1.3 mm;

exostome teeth irregular, 0.3 mm, striolate proximally, trabeculate and ± finely papillose towards apex;

endostome basal membrane 3 or 4 cells high, segments well developed.

(11–)13–18(–21) µm, smooth to faintly papillose.

10–13 µm, densely papillose.

on terminal branches, beyond distalmost branching points, leaves with distal laminal cells papillose.

never beyond last branching points, leaves abruptly narrowed, costa to beyond mid leaf, ending near apex in most interior leaves, laminal cells smooth.