Flora of North America species comparison

1.5–3 cm, 0.8–1 mm thick when dry, profusely branched, irregularly pinnate, primary branches prostrate to arcuate, mostly attenuate, secondary branches attenuate at apices;

central strand cells not differentiated;

pseudoparaphyllia absent;

rhizoids somewhat abundant.

to 3.5(–5) cm, 0.8–1.5 mm thick when dry, poorly branched, primary branches erect-ascending, somewhat arcuate;

central strand cells differentiated;

pseudoparaphyllia foliose;

rhizoids many.

appressed when dry, complanate when moist, ligulate, slightly narrowed mid leaf, 1.2–2(–2.2) mm;

base broadly decurrent;

margins plane, entire from base to apex (cells moderately mammillose at insertion), sometimes denticulate near apex;

apex acute, sometimes obtuse or slightly apiculate, intact;

costa strong, sharply ending a few cells before apex, sometimes fading in youngest leaves, not obscured by laminal cells distally, pellucid, abaxial costa cells smooth;

basal laminal cells hyaline or sometimes chlorophyllose, papillae few, region sometimes extending more than 1/2 length of leaf base;

distal cells quadrate, 6–8 µm, papillae many, branched.

incurved-contorted when dry, erect-spreading, somewhat secund when moist, broadly oblong-ligulate, (1.2–)1.4–2.3(–2.5) mm;

base auriculate;

margins plane, spiny-papillose in auricles, sometimes minutely denticulate in apex;

apex broadly obtuse to rounded, often apiculate, intact;

costa strong, ending sharply near apex, not obscured by laminal cells distally, 2-fid at end, pellucid, golden yellow to rusty brown, abaxial costa cells smooth;

basal laminal cells hyaline, smooth, region occupying more than 1/2 basal portion of lamina;

medial and distal cells hexagonal, 7–12 µm, papillae many, branched.

1–1.5 cm.

(0.5–)0.9–2.2 cm.

oblong, urn 1.6–2.8 mm;

stomata at base;

annulus not differentiated;

operculum obliquely short-rostrate, 1.3 mm;

exostome teeth irregular, 0.3 mm, striolate proximally, trabeculate and ± finely papillose towards apex;

endostome basal membrane 3 or 4 cells high, segments well developed.

elongate, urn (1–)1.8–2.3(–2.5) mm;

stomata at base;

annulus absent;

operculum obliquely short-rostrate, 0.5–0.8 mm;

exostome teeth regular, 0.1–0.3 mm, papillose, often inconspicuously horizontally striolate at base, trabeculate distally;

endostome rudimentary, basal membrane 2–4(–6) cells high, segments very reduced or absent.

10–13 µm, densely papillose.

9–14 µm, slightly papillose.

never beyond last branching points, leaves abruptly narrowed, costa to beyond mid leaf, ending near apex in most interior leaves, laminal cells smooth.

at end of terminal secondary branches, leaves abruptly narrowed toward apex, becoming almost subulate, laminal cells papillose.