Flora of North America species comparison

strongly julaceous.

0.5–1.5 cm, weakly to strongly julaceous, often appearing stringlike, not or weakly branched;

rhizoids few, micronemata and macronemata absent or present in clusters on proximal stem.

loosely imbricate when dry, strongly concave, 0.6–1.2 mm;

costa ending mid leaf or 2/3 leaf length, rarely percurrent;

distal laminal cells elongate-vermicular, 60–100 µm, 8–10:1, walls sinuate.

imbricate when dry, erect when moist, broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, flat to concave, 0.6–1.4 mm;

base not decurrent;

margins recurved proximally, plane distally, or often plane throughout, entire, 1-stratose, limbidium absent;

apex broadly acute;

costa not reaching apex or very short-excurrent, mucro smooth, guide cells absent;

alar cells not differentiated from juxtacostal cells;

laminal areolation distinctly heterogeneous;

proximal laminal cells quadrate or short-rectangular, 1–2:1;

medial and distal cells elongate-rhomboidal to elongate-vermicular, 6–10:1, walls thick, not pitted.

2–3 cm.

single, flexuose.

dioicous;

perigonia and perichaetia terminal, leaves same size as vegetative leaves or usually larger, not forming rosette, inner leaves little differentiated.

inclined to nodding, brown or red-brown, ovate-pyriform, 1–2 mm;

peristome double;

endostome basal membrane high, segments broadly perforated, cilia 1–3, appendiculate to nodose.

inclined to erect, ovate-cylindric or ovate-pyriform, 1–3 mm;

hypophysis somewhat differentiated;

operculum weakly convex, short-conic, not rostrate;

peristome double, single, or rarely absent;

exostome pale brown basally, hyaline distally, teeth slender lanceolate;

endostome separate from exostome or sometimes adherent or absent, basal membrane low to high, segments present or absent, broadly perforate, cilia present or sometimes absent.

8–13 µm.

shed singly, 8–15 µm, finely papillose, pale tan or yellow-tan.

asexual reproduction absent.

asexual reproduction by leaf axil bulbils or absent.