Anemone multifida |
Anemone multifida var. multifida |
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anémone multifide, cliff anemone, cut-leaf anemone, cut-leaf windflower, globe anemone, Pacific anemone |
cliff anemone, cut-leaf anemone, Pacific anemone, Pacific windflower |
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Aerial shoots | 10-70 cm, from caudices, caudices ascending to vertical. |
(30-)40-70 cm. |
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Basal leaves | 3-6(-10), 1-2-ternate; petiole (2-)4-10(-14) cm; terminal leaflet petiolulate to ±sessile, broadly and irregularly rhombic to obovate, (1.5-)2.5-4.5(-5.5) × (1-)3-10 cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins incised on distal 1/3, apex broadly acute to nearly obtuse; surfaces abaxially villous-silky, hispid to villous, or sparsely long-pilose, adaxially glabrous, nearly glabrous, villous-silky, or hispid to villous; lateral leaflets (2-)3x-parted; ultimate segments (1.5-)2-3.5(-5) mm wide. |
silky. |
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Inflorescences | 2-7-flowered cymes or flowers solitary; peduncle villous, pilose, or hispid to villous; involucral bracts usually 3-5, occasionally 2 in secondary involucres, 1-2-tiered, ternate, occasionally incompletely ternate, ±similar to basal leaves, greatly reduced, bases distinct; terminal leaflet petiolulate to ±sessile, broadly and irregularly rhombic to obovate, (1.5-)3-4(-5) × 0.5-1(-2) cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins incised on distal 1/3, apex broadly acute to nearly obtuse, surfaces abaxially hispid to villous, villous-silky, or sparsely long-pilose, adaxially glabrous, nearly glabrous, hispid to villous, or villous-silky; lateral leaflets (2-)3x-parted or -lobed, lobes frequently unequal; ultimate lobes 1.5-3(-4.3) mm wide. |
(2-)5-7-flowered cymes; peduncle villous; involucral bracts (1-)2-tiered, silky. |
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Flowers | sepals 5-9, green to yellow, blue, purple, red, or occasionally white, or abaxially blue, red, yellow and red, or purple, or tinged purple, adaxially white, yellow, yellow and red, blue, or tinged purple, ovate to oblong, 5-17 × (3.5-)5-7(-9) mm, abaxially hairy, adaxially glabrous; stamens 50-80. |
sepals 5(-9), green to yellow, blue, purple, or red (rarely abaxially blue or red and adaxially white or yellow), ovate or oblong, 6-17 mm. |
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Achenes | body irregularly ellipsoid or elliptic, flat, 3-4 × 1.5-2 mm, not winged, tomentose, woolly, or villous; beak ±straight, distally recurved or strongly hooked, 1-6 mm, glabrous. |
beak ± straight. |
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Heads of achenes | spheric; pedicel 6-15(-23) cm. |
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2n | =32. |
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Anemone multifida |
Anemone multifida var. multifida |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer (Apr–Jul). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Open forests, grassy slopes, often rocky areas, also moist prairie depressions, coulees, sandhill shrubland | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0-3200 m (0-10500 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; NY; OR; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; South America
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AK; CA; CO; ID; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; NY; OR; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; South America (Chile and Argentina) |
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Discussion | Varieties 4 (4 in the flora). G.Boraiah and M.Heimburger (1964) conducted an extensive cytotaxonomic analysis of this wide-ranging and extremely variable species and its relatives. The present treatment takes a broader view of the species (and its variation) and recognizes fewer entities. In addition, Anemone tetonensis and A. stylosa, plants treated as closely related species by G.Boraiah and M.Heimburger, are treated here as varieties of A. multifida. Early-season plants of Anemone multifida var. multifida have solitary flowers and will key to var. saxicola. Anemone multifida var. tetonensis and especially var. saxicola might be based on characteristics that are influenced primarily by environment; further study is warranted. Native Americans used Anemone multifida (no varieties specified) medicinally as an antirheumatic, cold remedy, nosebleed cure, and general panacea, as well as a means of killing lice and fleas (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
According to D. E. Moerman (1986), the Blackfeet burned Anemone multifida var. multifida on hot coals to alleviate headaches. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Anemone | Ranunculaceae > Anemone > Anemone multifida | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | A. globosa, A. multifida var. hudsoniana, A. multifida var. nowasadii, A. multifida var. richardsiana, A. multifida var. sansonii | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Poiret: in J. Lamarck et al., in J.Lamarck et al., Encycl., suppl. 1: 364. (1810) | unknown | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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