Anemone multifida |
Anemone lyallii |
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anémone multifide, cliff anemone, cut-leaf anemone, cut-leaf windflower, globe anemone, Pacific anemone |
little mountain anemone, little mountain thimbleweed, Lyall's anemone, Lyall's windflower |
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Aerial shoots | 10-70 cm, from caudices, caudices ascending to vertical. |
5-30(-40) cm, from rhizomes, rhizomes horizontal. |
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Basal leaves | 3-6(-10), 1-2-ternate; petiole (2-)4-10(-14) cm; terminal leaflet petiolulate to ±sessile, broadly and irregularly rhombic to obovate, (1.5-)2.5-4.5(-5.5) × (1-)3-10 cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins incised on distal 1/3, apex broadly acute to nearly obtuse; surfaces abaxially villous-silky, hispid to villous, or sparsely long-pilose, adaxially glabrous, nearly glabrous, villous-silky, or hispid to villous; lateral leaflets (2-)3x-parted; ultimate segments (1.5-)2-3.5(-5) mm wide. |
0-1, ternate; petiole 5-8 cm; terminal leaflet sessile to petiolulate, ovate to oblanceolate, (1-)1.5-3(-4) × (0.4-)0.7-1.5(-2) cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins serrate to crenate on distal 1/2-2/3, apex acuminate to narrowly acute, rarely obtuse, surfaces glabrous, rarely puberulous; lateral leaflets unlobed or occasionally nearly lobed. |
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Inflorescences | 2-7-flowered cymes or flowers solitary; peduncle villous, pilose, or hispid to villous; involucral bracts usually 3-5, occasionally 2 in secondary involucres, 1-2-tiered, ternate, occasionally incompletely ternate, ±similar to basal leaves, greatly reduced, bases distinct; terminal leaflet petiolulate to ±sessile, broadly and irregularly rhombic to obovate, (1.5-)3-4(-5) × 0.5-1(-2) cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins incised on distal 1/3, apex broadly acute to nearly obtuse, surfaces abaxially hispid to villous, villous-silky, or sparsely long-pilose, adaxially glabrous, nearly glabrous, hispid to villous, or villous-silky; lateral leaflets (2-)3x-parted or -lobed, lobes frequently unequal; ultimate lobes 1.5-3(-4.3) mm wide. |
1-flowered; peduncle distally puberulous or nearly glabrous throughout; involucral bracts 3, 1-tiered, ternate, ±similar to basal leaves, bases distinct; terminal leaflet sessile to petiolulate, ovate to oblanceolate, (1-)1.5-3(-4) × (0.4-)0.7-1.5(-2) cm, bases narrowly cuneate, margins serrate to crenate on distal 1/2-2/3, apex acuminate to narrowly acute, rarely obtuse, surfaces glabrous, rarely puberulous; lateral leaflets unlobed or occasionally nearly lobed. |
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Flowers | sepals 5-9, green to yellow, blue, purple, red, or occasionally white, or abaxially blue, red, yellow and red, or purple, or tinged purple, adaxially white, yellow, yellow and red, blue, or tinged purple, ovate to oblong, 5-17 × (3.5-)5-7(-9) mm, abaxially hairy, adaxially glabrous; stamens 50-80. |
sepals 5(-7), white, pink, or sometimes blue-tinged, oblong, rarely narrowly ovate, 3.5-8(-10) × 1.5-3(-3.5) mm, glabrous; stamens 10-30(-35). |
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Achenes | body irregularly ellipsoid or elliptic, flat, 3-4 × 1.5-2 mm, not winged, tomentose, woolly, or villous; beak ±straight, distally recurved or strongly hooked, 1-6 mm, glabrous. |
body elliptic, flat, 3-4 × 1-1.5 mm, not winged, white-puberulous; beak subulate, sometimes slightly curved, ca. 0.5 mm, glabrous. |
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Heads of achenes | spheric; pedicel 6-15(-23) cm. |
nearly spheric; pedicel 1-3(-4) cm in fruit. |
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2n | =16. |
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Anemone multifida |
Anemone lyallii |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer (Mar–Jul). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Shaded woods, subalpine ridges | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 200-1900 m (700-6200 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AZ; CA; CO; ID; ME; MI; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; NV; NY; OR; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT; South America
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CA; OR; WA; BC
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Discussion | Varieties 4 (4 in the flora). G.Boraiah and M.Heimburger (1964) conducted an extensive cytotaxonomic analysis of this wide-ranging and extremely variable species and its relatives. The present treatment takes a broader view of the species (and its variation) and recognizes fewer entities. In addition, Anemone tetonensis and A. stylosa, plants treated as closely related species by G.Boraiah and M.Heimburger, are treated here as varieties of A. multifida. Early-season plants of Anemone multifida var. multifida have solitary flowers and will key to var. saxicola. Anemone multifida var. tetonensis and especially var. saxicola might be based on characteristics that are influenced primarily by environment; further study is warranted. Native Americans used Anemone multifida (no varieties specified) medicinally as an antirheumatic, cold remedy, nosebleed cure, and general panacea, as well as a means of killing lice and fleas (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Anemone lyallii may occasionally intergrade with A. oregana west of the Cascades in northern Oregon (C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955-1969, vol. 2). The area of probable intergradation should be extended to the southern limits of both species where they are sympatric. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Anemone | Ranunculaceae > Anemone | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | A. oligantha, A. quinquefolia var. lyallii | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | Poiret: in J. Lamarck et al., in J.Lamarck et al., Encycl., suppl. 1: 364. (1810) | Britton: Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 6: 227. (1891) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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