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alpine anemone, Drummond's anemone, Drummond's windflower

Carolina anemone

Aerial shoots

(7-)10-25(-30) cm, from caudices, caudices ascending to primarily vertical.

5-35(-60) cm, from tubers with rhizomes near apex, tubers ascending or vertical, rhizomes horizontal or ascending.

Basal leaves

5-15, 2-ternate, occasionally irregularly so;

petiole 2-10 cm;

terminal leaflet sessile or basally attenuate and appearing petiolulate, obovate to obtriangular, 0.5-3 × 0.5-2 cm, base narrowly cuneate to cuneate, margins incised to dissected on distal 1/3-1/2, apex broadly acute to obtuse, surfaces villous;

lateral leaflets 2x-parted, division frequently irregular; ultimate segments 1-2.6 mm wide.

1-3(-5), 1-2-ternate;

petiole 3-9(-10) cm;

terminal leaflet petiolulate, rarely sessile, obtriangular, 2-3-cleft, 1-3 × 0.8-2(-2.5) cm, base narrowly attenuate to strongly and narrowly cuneate, margins serrate, rarely dissected on distal 2/3, apex obtuse to broadly acute, surfaces glabrous;

lateral leaflets ±pinnately 1-2(-3)×-lobed or -parted; ultimate lobes 2-10 mm wide.

Inflorescences

1(-2)-flowered;

peduncle villous;

involucral bracts 3(-4), 1-tiered, ±similar to basal leaves, highly reduced, 2-ternate or irregularly so, bases distinct;

terminal leaflet sessile or basally attenuate and appearing petiolulate, obovate to pinnatifid, 1-3.5 × 0.5-2 cm, bases narrowly cuneate to cuneate, margins incised to dissected on distal 1/3-1/2, apex broadly acute to obtuse, surfaces villous;

lateral leaflets 2x-parted, division frequently irregular; ultimate segments 1-2.5 mm wide.

1-flowered;

peduncle proximally glabrous, distally villous;

involucral bracts 3, borne below middle of scape at anthesis, 1-tiered, simple, ±similar to basal leaves, obtriangular, 3-cleft, 1-2.5 cm, bases somewhat clasping, connate, margins incised on distal 1/2, apex acuminate, surfaces sparsely pilose;

segments 3, broadly linear;

lateral segments 1-2x-lobed or -parted; ultimate lobes 1-2.5 mm wide.

Flowers

sepals (5-)6-9, white, or abaxially white, tinged blue, and adaxially white, ovate, rarely oblong or narrowly obovate, 8-20 × 6-10 mm, abaxially hairy, rarely glabrous, adaxially glabrous;

stamens 80-100, whitish;

styles white.

sepals 10-20(-30), white to rose or blue to purple, linear to oblong, (6-)10-20(-22) × 2-5(-7) mm, abaxially sparsely hairy, adaxially glabrous or nearly so;

stamens 50-60.

Achenes

body ovoid, 2-4 × 1-1.5 mm, not winged, woolly;

beak straight, 2-4(-6) mm, glabrous.

body ovoid, 1.5-2.5(-3) × ca. 2 mm, not winged, densely woolly;

beak straight, 1.3-2 mm, projecting beyond achene indument, proximally tomentose, not plumose.

Heads of achenes

spheric, rarely cylindric;

pedicel (2-)3-10 cm.

fusiform;

pedicel (5-)10-20 cm.

2n

=16.

Anemone drummondii

Anemone caroliniana

Phenology Flowering winter–spring (Feb–Apr).
Habitat Dry prairies, barrens, pastures, meadows, rocky, open woods
Elevation 60-700m [200-2300ft]
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CA; ID; MT; OR; WA; WY; AB; BC; NT; YT; Asia
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; GA; IA; IL; KS; LA; MN; MO; MS; NE; OK; SC; SD; TN; TX; WI
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Anemone drummondii is an extremely variable species whose circumscription is controversial. Some plants appear intermediate between this species and A. multifida; cytologically the two are quite distinct (G.Boraiah and M.Heimburger 1964; C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955-1969, vol.2).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Anemone caroliniana was recorded from Indiana (Vigo County); it has since been extirpated.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Ultimate segments of lateral leaflets 1–1.5(–2) mm wide, leaflets villous.
var. drummondii
1. Ultimate segments of lateral leaflets 1.5–2.6 mm wide, leaflets nearly glabrous or pilose.
var. lithophila
Source FNA vol. 3. Treatment authors: Bryan E. Dutton, Carl S. Keener, Bruce A. Ford. FNA vol. 3. Treatment authors: Bryan E. Dutton, Carl S. Keener, Bruce A. Ford.
Parent taxa Ranunculaceae > Anemone Ranunculaceae > Anemone
Sibling taxa
A. acutiloba, A. americana, A. berlandieri, A. canadensis, A. caroliniana, A. cylindrica, A. deltoidea, A. edwardsiana, A. grayi, A. lancifolia, A. lyallii, A. multiceps, A. multifida, A. narcissiflora, A. occidentalis, A. okennonii, A. oregana, A. parviflora, A. patens, A. piperi, A. quinquefolia, A. richardsonii, A. tuberosa, A. virginiana
A. acutiloba, A. americana, A. berlandieri, A. canadensis, A. cylindrica, A. deltoidea, A. drummondii, A. edwardsiana, A. grayi, A. lancifolia, A. lyallii, A. multiceps, A. multifida, A. narcissiflora, A. occidentalis, A. okennonii, A. oregana, A. parviflora, A. patens, A. piperi, A. quinquefolia, A. richardsonii, A. tuberosa, A. virginiana
Subordinate taxa
A. drummondii var. drummondii, A. drummondii var. lithophila
Name authority S. Watson: Bot. California 2: 424. (1880) Walter: Fl. Carol., 157. (1788)
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