The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

savanna false indigo or indigo-bush

lead plant

Habit Shrubs, 0.3–1.4 m; arising from compact, woody root. Shrubs, rarely perennial herbs, (0.3–)0.5–0.8(–1.2) m; usually rhizomatous.
Stems

finely longitudinally grooved and ridged, gland-dotted, strigulose to glabrate.

finely striate longitudinally, sparsely gland-dotted or eglandular, usually canescent becoming glabrate, rarely glabrous.

Leaves

(8–)12–20(–26) cm;

stipules sometimes persistent, linear or setaceous, (1–)1.5–2(–2.5) mm;

petiole (6–)8–15(–20) mm, gland-dotted, puberulent or glabrous;

rachis sparsely gland-dotted, puberulent or glabrous;

leaflets (11–)15–31(–35), stipels acicular or setaceous, 0.8–1.8 mm, petiolule 0.7–1.5(–1.8) mm, gland-dotted, mostly puberulent or glabrous, blade elliptic to oblong or ovate to suborbiculate, (10–)15–25(–35) × (7–)9–15(–18) mm, base truncate or round to subcordate, margins usually revolute, entire or inconspicuously crenulate, apex round to obtuse or emarginate, surfaces sparsely to conspicuously gland-dotted, usually glabrous or glabrate, sometimes sparsely pubescent abaxially;

midvein terminated by a slender mucro, (0.2–)0.4–1 mm.

(3–)6–12(–15) cm;

stipules linear to linear-lanceolate or setaceous, (1.2–)2–3(–3.5) mm, eglandular, canescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially;

petiole 0.5–3(–5) mm, eglandular, tomentose to canescent;

rachis eglandular, tomentose to canescent or puberulent;

leaflets (11–)27–41(–49), stipels acicular, (0.5–)0.8–1.2 mm, petiolule 0.5–1(–1.8) mm, usually eglandular, usually canescent to pilose, blade usually elliptic to oblong or ovate, rarely ovate to suborbiculate, (3–)10–18(–25) × (2–)4–7(–12) mm, base truncate or round to subcordate, margins sometimes slightly revolute, entire, apex round to obtuse or emarginate, surfaces usually canescent to velutinous, rarely glabrous;

midvein terminated by a slender mucro, (0.2–)0.4–0.8(–1.2) mm.

Racemes

(1–)3–5(–8)-branched, 10–20(–30) cm;

rachis sparsely gland-dotted, puberulent;

bracteoles linear to narrowly subulate, 1.5–2.5(–3) mm, usually eglandular, sparsely pubescent or sparsely ciliate.

(1–)5–20(–30+)-branched, (2–)7–15(–25) cm;

rachis sparsely gland-dotted, sparsely pilose to pubescent;

bracteoles linear to narrowly lanceolate, (2.5–)3–4(–4.5) mm, eglandular, pilose abaxially, glabrous adaxially.

Pedicels

0.4–1 mm, eglandular, sparsely pubescent.

(0.4–)0.5–1.2(–1.5) mm, eglandular, sparsely pilose to pubescent.

Flowers

calyx tube turbinate to narrowly campanulate or cylindric, 1.7–2.2 mm, distal 1/3–2/3 rarely gland-dotted, glabrous;

lobes: abaxial lobe acuminate, slightly longer, adaxial lobes triangular to acuminate, 0.4–1.2(–1.5) mm, margins densely ciliate;

banner bright blue, broadly obovate to obcordate, (4–)5–6 × 3–3.5(–4) mm, distinctly clawed, margins entire or finely erose;

filaments 5–8 mm, distinct;

anthers yellow;

ovary pubescent.

calyx tube turbinate to somewhat campanulate, (1.5–)1.8–2(–2.5) mm, inconspicuously gland-dotted, usually densely pubescent, rarely glabrous or glabrate;

lobes triangular to narrowly lanceolate, (0.6–)1–1.5(–1.8) mm;

banner bright violet, broadly obcordate, 4.5–6 × 2.5–4 mm, distinctly clawed, margins entire or finely erose;

filaments 6–8 mm, connate basally 1.5–2 mm;

anthers yellowish to golden brown;

ovary densely pilose.

Legumes

sessile or stipitate, 4–5.5 × 2–2.5 mm, margins curved outward abaxially, straight adaxially, at least distal 1/2–2/3 gland-dotted, glabrous.

stipitate, (3–)3.5–4.5(–5) × 2–3.5 mm, margins curved outward abaxially, straight adaxially, at least distal 1/2–2/3 gland-dotted, usually villous, rarely glabrous.

Seeds

olive brown or brown, 2–2.3 × 1–1.5 mm, smooth, lustrous.

olive brown, 2–2.8 × 1–1.4 mm, smooth.

2n

= 20.

Amorpha confusa

Amorpha canescens

Phenology Flowering (May–)Jun–Jul. Flowering May–Aug(–Sep).
Habitat Pine woodlands, savannas, and road banks in outer Atlantic Coastal Plain. Prairies, hillsides, open woodlands, sometimes in fields, along roadsides, mainly on the Great Plains.
Elevation 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) 200–1800 m. (700–5900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
NC; Pine woodlands; savannas; and road banks in outer Atlantic Coastal Plain
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; CO; IA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WI; WY; MB; ON
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Amorpha confusa is known presently only from Brunswick and Columbus counties; it is believed to be extirpated in adjacent South Carolina. The taxon is a Federal species of concern and is listed as threatened in North Carolina. It is usually encountered growing in loamy soils, most often of the Foreston soil series.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The common name of Amorpha canescens stems from a historical, misguided belief that its occurrence indicated the presence of lead. It is a palatable range plant and thus subject to intensive grazing pressure; in some mowed fields, meadows, and pastures, the plant often appears as an herbaceous perennial. The Bureau of Land Management considers A. canescens to be a sensitive species in Montana, where it is presumed to be extirpated. Hybrids between A. canescens and A. fruticosa, named A. × notha E. J. Palmer, are rare. Amorpha canescens is a species of concern in Arkansas, where it is at the edge of its range; it is not rare, in general, being one of the most often cultivated species of Amorpha.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Amorpha Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Amorpha
Sibling taxa
A. californica, A. canescens, A. crenulata, A. fruticosa, A. georgiana, A. glabra, A. herbacea, A. laevigata, A. nana, A. nitens, A. ouachitensis, A. paniculata, A. roemeriana, A. schwerinii
A. californica, A. confusa, A. crenulata, A. fruticosa, A. georgiana, A. glabra, A. herbacea, A. laevigata, A. nana, A. nitens, A. ouachitensis, A. paniculata, A. roemeriana, A. schwerinii
Synonyms A. georgiana var. confusa
Name authority (Wilbur) S. C. K. Straub: Sorrie & Weakley, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 3: 154. (2009) Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 467. (1813)
Web links