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Puna needlegrass

Mexican needlegrass

Habit Plants with knotty, shortly rhizomatous bases. Plants cespitose, with knotty, rhizomatous bases.
Culms

40-90 cm tall, 1-2(3) mm thick, erect, glabrous;

nodes usually 3.

50-90 cm tall, 1-2.9 thick, erect, glabrous;

nodes usually 3.

Sheaths

mostly glabrous, margins ciliate distally;

collars glabrous, often with tufts of hair to 1.5 mm on the margins;

ligules 0.5-1.5 mm, membranous, ciliate, cilia 1-2 mm, slightly longer at the leaf margins;

blades 10-50 cm long, usually tightly convolute and 0.4-1 mm in diameter, 2-4 mm wide when flat, erect, abaxial surfaces smooth, adaxial surfaces usually glabrous.

Panicles

10-25 cm long, 1-4 cm wide, bases sometimes included in the upper leaf sheaths;

branches ascending to spreading, longest lower branches 4-12 cm.

10-20 cm long, 1-5 cm wide, bases sometimes included in the leaf sheaths;

branches ascending to spreading, longest lower branches 4-12 cm.

Glumes

subequal, 6-8 mm, linear-lanceolate, 1-3-veined, midveins smooth, scabridulous, or with stiff hairs, varying within a panicle, apices acuminate;

florets 4-5.5 mm long, about 0.8 mm thick, fusiform;

calluses 0.4-0.5 mm, blunt, strigose, hairs 0.5-0.8 mm;

lemmas pubescent over and between the veins on the proximal 1/2 at least initially, hairs 0.5-0.8 mm, sometimes glabrous at maturity between the midveins and lateral veins, distal portion glabrous, tapering to the apices, apices with 0.7-1 mm hairs around the base of the awn;

awns 10-18 mm, glabrous or scabrous, usually once-geniculate;

paleas 3/4 - 9/10 as long as the lemmas, pubescent over the central portion, apices involute;

lodicules 3;

anthers 2-2.4(3) mm, penicillate.

subequal, 6.3-13 mm, linear-lanceolate, 3-veined, midveins smooth, scabrous, or with stiff hairs, varying within a panicle, apices acuminate;

florets 5.5-8 mm long, about 0.8-1.3 mm thick, fusiform;

calluses 0.3-0.6 mm, blunt, strigose, hairs 0.5-0.8 mm;

lemmas pubescent on the proximal 1/2, the pubescence over the midvein extending to the awn, hairs 0.5-0.8 mm, distal portion glabrous, tapering to the apices, apices with 0.7-1 mm hairs around the base of the awn;

awns 11-23 mm, glabrous or scabrous, usually twice-geniculate;

paleas 3.5-6.5 mm, 3/4 - 9/10 as long as the lemmas, pubescent over the central portion, apices involute;

lodicules 3;

anthers 3-4 mm, penicillate.

Caryopses

2-3 mm long, 0.9-1 mm thick, fusiform;

style bases straight, centric.

about 3 mm long, 1-1.4 mm thick;

style bases upright, centric.

Basal

sheaths mostly glabrous, margins ciliate distally;

collars glabrous, often with tufts of hair to 1.5 mm on the sides;

ligules 0.2-0.6 mm, membranous, strigose, ciliate, cilia to 2 mm, slightly longer at the leaf margins;

blades 8-35 cm long, usually convolute and 0.5-0.8 mm in diameter, 2-3 mm wide when flat, erect, abaxial surfaces smooth, adaxial surfaces usually glabrous.

2n

= unknown.

= unknown.

Amelichloa brachychaeta

Amelichloa clandestina

Distribution
[BONAP county map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Amelichloa brachychaeta has been found at a few locations in California, where it is listed as a noxious weed. It is native to Uruguay and Argentina. It is avoided by cattle because of its sharply pointed leaves. The cleistogamous panicles, which may be at or below ground level, remain a source of seeds unless the plants are completely uprooted. Amelichloa caudata and A. clandestina (see below) are a greater problem in this regard, because they appear to produce such panicles more frequently.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Amelichloa clandestina is native from northern Mexico to Colombia. It has been accidentally introduced to pastures and roadsides in Texas, and is now established there. Reports from California need to be checked. They may reflect misidentifications of A. brachychaeta, which differs from A. clandestina in its shorter ligules, florets, and anthers.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 182. FNA vol. 24, p. 184.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Amelichloa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Amelichloa
Sibling taxa
A. caudata, A. clandestina
A. brachychaeta, A. caudata
Synonyms Achnatherum brachychaetum Stipa clandestina, Achnatherum clandestinum
Name authority (Godr.) Arriaga & Barkworth (Hack.) Arriaga & Barkworth
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