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Puna needlegrass

South American needlegrass

Habit Plants with knotty, shortly rhizomatous bases. Plants cespitose, with knotty, rhizomatous bases.
Culms

40-90 cm tall, 1-2(3) mm thick, erect, glabrous;

nodes usually 3.

40-100 cm tall, 0.8-3(4.8) thick, erect, glabrous;

nodes usually 3.

Panicles

10-25 cm long, 1-4 cm wide, bases sometimes included in the upper leaf sheaths;

branches ascending to spreading, longest lower branches 4-12 cm.

10-45 cm long, 2-8 cm wide, bases sometimes included in the upper leaf sheaths;

branches ascending to spreading, longest lower branches 4-12 cm.

Glumes

subequal, 6-8 mm, linear-lanceolate, 1-3-veined, midveins smooth, scabridulous, or with stiff hairs, varying within a panicle, apices acuminate;

florets 4-5.5 mm long, about 0.8 mm thick, fusiform;

calluses 0.4-0.5 mm, blunt, strigose, hairs 0.5-0.8 mm;

lemmas pubescent over and between the veins on the proximal 1/2 at least initially, hairs 0.5-0.8 mm, sometimes glabrous at maturity between the midveins and lateral veins, distal portion glabrous, tapering to the apices, apices with 0.7-1 mm hairs around the base of the awn;

awns 10-18 mm, glabrous or scabrous, usually once-geniculate;

paleas 3/4 - 9/10 as long as the lemmas, pubescent over the central portion, apices involute;

lodicules 3;

anthers 2-2.4(3) mm, penicillate.

subequal, 5-11 mm, linear-lanceolate, 3-veined, midveins smooth, scabrous, or with stiff hairs, varying within a panicle, apices acuminate;

florets 3.5-5(7) mm long, about 0.8 mm thick, fusiform;

calluses 0.5-1 mm, blunt, strigose, hairs 0.5-0.8 mm;

lemmas hairy over the veins, hairs 0.5-0.8 mm, glabrous between the mid- and lateral veins, glabrous or hairy between the lateral and marginal veins, distal portion glabrous, tapering to the apices, apices with 0.7-1 mm hairs around the base of the awn;

awns 12-25 mm, glabrous or scabrous, once- or twice-geniculate;

paleas 3.5-6.5 mm, 3/4 - 9/10 as long as the lemmas, pubescent over the central portion, apices involute;

lodicules 3;

anthers 2-4 mm in chasmogamous florets, cleistogamous florets sometimes with anthers of 2 lengths, about 0.4 mm and 0.7 mm, or all anthers of the same length, the long anthers penicillate.

Caryopses

2-3 mm long, 0.9-1 mm thick, fusiform;

style bases straight, centric.

about 3 mm long, 1-1.4 mm thick;

style bases inclined, eccentric.

Basal

sheaths mostly glabrous, margins ciliate distally;

collars glabrous, often with tufts of hair to 1.5 mm on the sides;

ligules 0.2-0.6 mm, membranous, strigose, ciliate, cilia to 2 mm, slightly longer at the leaf margins;

blades 8-35 cm long, usually convolute and 0.5-0.8 mm in diameter, 2-3 mm wide when flat, erect, abaxial surfaces smooth, adaxial surfaces usually glabrous.

sheaths mostly glabrous, margins ciliate distally;

collars glabrous, often with tufts of hair to 1.5 mm on the margins;

ligules 0.2-0.6 mm, membranous, ciliate, cilia 1-2 mm, longest at the margins;

blades 25-70 cm long, 2-7 mm wide when flat, usually convolute and 0.4-0.8 mm in diameter, erect, abaxial surfaces smooth, adaxial surfaces mostly glabrous.

2n

= unknown.

= unknown.

Amelichloa brachychaeta

Amelichloa caudata

Distribution
[BONAP county map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Amelichloa brachychaeta has been found at a few locations in California, where it is listed as a noxious weed. It is native to Uruguay and Argentina. It is avoided by cattle because of its sharply pointed leaves. The cleistogamous panicles, which may be at or below ground level, remain a source of seeds unless the plants are completely uprooted. Amelichloa caudata and A. clandestina (see below) are a greater problem in this regard, because they appear to produce such panicles more frequently.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Amelichloa caudata is native to South America, extending from central Chile to Uruguay and Argentina. It was collected, as Stipa litoralis Phil., on ballast dumps near Portland, Oregon, early in the twentieth century. Although it has not become established in the Flora region, it has done so in Australia. It is a potentially invasive weed. Species with anthers of three different lengths, and of two lengths within a floret, have been reported for Nassella; it appears to be the first report of this pattern in the species of Amelichloa.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 182. FNA vol. 24, p. 182.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Amelichloa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Stipeae > Amelichloa
Sibling taxa
A. caudata, A. clandestina
A. brachychaeta, A. clandestina
Synonyms Achnatherum brachychaetum Stipa litoralis, Achnatherum caudatum
Name authority (Godr.) Arriaga & Barkworth (Trin.) Arriaga & Barkworth
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