Amelanchier interior |
Rosaceae tribe Maleae |
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amélanchier de l'intérieur, inland serviceberry, Wiegand's shadbush |
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Habit | Shrubs or trees, 1–10 m. Stems 1–10, forming colonies or solitary. | Trees or shrubs; armed or unarmed. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | not fully unfolded; petiole 10–30 mm; blade broadly ovate to elliptic, 30–70 × 20–50 mm, base rounded to subcordate, each margin with 3–15 teeth on proximal 1/2 and (2–)4 or 5(–7) teeth in distalmost cm, largest teeth less than 1 mm, apex short acuminate to apiculate, abaxial surface glabrous or sparsely hairy by flowering, surfaces glabrous later. |
alternate, simple or pinnately compound; stipules persistent, deciduous, or absent, free, sometimes adnate or short-adnate to petiole (and base of blade in Peraphyllum ); venation pinnate. |
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Inflorescences | 4–12-flowered, 30–75 mm. |
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Pedicels | 1 or 2 subtended by a leaf, proximalmost 10–45 mm. |
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Flowers | sepals recurved after flowering, 2–5 mm; petals obovate, 6–15 × 4–5 mm; stamens 20; styles 5, 3–5 mm; ovary apex densely (moderately) hairy (or glabrous). |
perianth and androecium epigynous (perigynous in Vauquelinia ); epicalyx bractlets absent; hypanthium hemispheric, campanulate, cupulate, funnelform, or obconic, sometimes urceolate, cylindric, or saucer-shaped; torus absent (present in Vauquelinia ); carpels 1–5, ± connate or distinct, adnate more than 1/2 to hypanthium (free in Vauquelinia , [Dichotomanthes ]), styles terminal, sometimes subterminal or lateral, distinct or ± connate basally; ovules (1 or)2(or 3), basal and collateral, or 2–20+, marginal and biseriate (with funicular obturators). |
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Fruits | pomes or woody capsules surrounded by hypanthium and splitting into 5 follicles (coccetum) (Vauquelinia); styles persistent or deciduous, not elongate. |
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Pomes | purple-black, 6–8 mm diam. 2n = 4x. |
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Amelanchier interior |
Rosaceae tribe Maleae |
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Phenology | Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Jul–Aug. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Dry woods, bluffs rocky areas and slopes, stream banks, fields, thickets, and sandy areas, sometimes wetlands | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0–300 m (0–1000 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
IA; IL; MI; MN; OH; SD; WI; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
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HI; North America; Mexico; Central America; Eurasia; Africa; Atlantic Islands (Madeira) [Introduced in temperate southern hemisphere] |
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Discussion | Amelanchier interior is distinguished by its capacity to grow into a tree to ten meters and by having sparsely hairy young leaves that are often reddish and densely hairy ovary apices. E. L. Nielsen (1939) differentiated A. interior and A. wiegandii on the basis of leaves being carinate in A. wiegandii as opposed to flat in A. interior, and leaf sinuses rounded versus acute. G. N. Jones (1946) considered those differences to be slight, and he included A. wiegandii in A. interior. The authors follow Jones, but retain the common name Wiegand’s shadbush to commemorate Wiegand’s early insights about the taxonomy of Amelanchier. M. L. Fernald (1950) considered A. wiegandii as suggesting a small-leaved A. laevis but with shorter buds, fewer teeth, fewer veins, and summit of ovary heavily tomentose. P. Landry (1975) thought A. wiegandii to be the hybrid of A. arborea and A. sanguinea, and E. G. Voss (1972–1996, vol. 2) reasoned that A. interior is a hybrid swarm involving A. laevis (or sometimes A. arborea) and plants of the A. spicata and/or A. sanguinea complex. A hybrid origin of A. interior from A. laevis and A. sanguinea is reasonable given that stem height, the number of leaf teeth, and petal length are more or less intermediate between those two species. DNA sequences from ITS region indicate that A. interior (A. wiegandii) is a possible later-generation hybrid involving a member of the western North American ITS clade (which also includes A. humilis and A. sanguinea of eastern North America) and some eastern North American taxon (C. S. Campbell et al. 1997). Multiple hybrid origins, possibly from different species, may explain the variability of A. interior. Amelanchier interior has unusually large ranges of lengths for proximal pedicels, sepals, and petals. The leaves of A. wiegandii were described by Nielsen as bronze at flowering; Jones described the leaves of A. interior as green when young. The authors assume that A. interior as they interpret it is polymorphic for the color of young leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 29, species 550–840+ (18 genera, 270 species, including 18 hybrids, in the flora). The family name Malaceae Small (1903) is a conserved name, with Malus as its type genus. In contrast, the family name Pyraceae Vest (1818), with Pyrus as its type, is not a conserved name. Although Maleae was published later than Pyreae (1869), a Rosaceae tribe that includes both Malus and Pyrus is to be called Maleae (see Melbourne Code, Article 19.5, Example 5). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 9, p. 655. | FNA vol. 9, p. 424. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae > tribe Maleae > Amelanchier | Rosaceae > subfam. Amygdaloideae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms | A. wiegandii | family rosaceae tribe Pyreae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | E. L. Nielsen: Amer. Midl. Naturalist 22: 185, plate 13. (1939) | Small: Man. S.E. Fl., 632. (1933) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |