Amaranthus viridis |
Amaranthus subg. Albersia |
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green amaranth, slender amaranth, tropical green amaranth |
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Habit | Plants annual, sometimes short-lived perennial in tropics and subtropics, glabrous. | Plants monoecious (in some species staminate flowers are rare). |
Stems | erect, simple or with lateral branches (especially distally), 0.2–1 m. Leaves: petiole 1/2–11/2 as long as blade; blade rhombic-ovate or ovate, 1–7 × 0.5–5 cm, base rounded, cuneate, or attenuate, margins entire, plane, apex obtuse, rounded, or emarginate, mucronate. |
ascending, prostrate, or erect, not fleshy (fleshy in A. pumilus and A. californicus). |
Bracts | of pistillate flowers ovate to lanceolate, 1 mm, shorter than tepals. |
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Inflorescences | slender spikes aggregated into elongate terminal panicles, also from distal axils, green, leafless at least distally. |
mostly or exclusively axillary, glomerules or short spikes, if terminal inflorescences also developed, then axillary clusters present to base of plant. |
Staminate flowers | inconspicuous, mostly at tips of inflorescences; tepals 3; stamens 3. |
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Pistillate flowers | tepals 3, narrowly elliptic, obovate-elliptic or spatulate, not clawed, ± equal, 1.2–1.7 mm, apex rounded or nearly acute, mucronate or not; style branches erect; stigmas 3. |
tepals usually (1–)3–5. |
Seeds | black or dark brown, subglobose to thick-lenticular, 1 mm diam., minutely punctulate, rather dull. |
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Utricles | ovoid to compressed-ovoid, 1–1.6 mm, equaling or slightly exceeding tepals, prominently or faintly rugose, indehiscent. |
indehiscent, tardily dehiscent, or dehiscence circumscissile. |
Amaranthus viridis |
Amaranthus subg. Albersia |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | |
Habitat | Fields, railroads, lawns, gardens, waste areas, other disturbed habitats | |
Elevation | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; FL; GA; LA; MA; MI; MS; NC; NM; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; native to South America [Introduced in North America; introduced in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide]
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North America; South America; Eurasia; Africa |
Discussion | Species 25+ (17 in the flora). Subgenus Albersia remains the most diverse infrageneric group of Amaranthus. Sections have been proposed in the subgenus (see S. L. Mosyakin and K. R. Robertson 1996). In particular, species with circumscissile fruits are placed in sect. Pyxidium Moquin-Tandon; plants with indehiscent fruits and usually three elliptic to linear tepals are members of sect. Blitopsis Dumortier; and plants with indehiscent utricles and five or, rarely, four spatulate or at least distinctly obovate tepals are housed in sect. Pentamorion (G. Beck) Mosyakin & K. R. Robertson (= Euxolus Rafinesque sect. Pentamorion G. Beck). Many species of subg. Albersia evidently belong to yet undescribed infrageneric entities and thus currently remain unassigned to any particular sections. Because of that we refrain from using here the sections of Amaranthus subg. Albersia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 429. | FNA vol. 4, p. 428. |
Parent taxa | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | A. gracilis | subg. Albersia |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 2: 1405. (1763) | (Kunth) Grenier & Godron: Fl. France 3: 3. (1855) |
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