Amaranthus viridis |
Amaranthus fimbriatus |
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green amaranth, slender amaranth, tropical green amaranth |
fringe amaranth, fringe pigweed |
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Habit | Plants annual, sometimes short-lived perennial in tropics and subtropics, glabrous. | Plants glabrous. |
Stems | erect, simple or with lateral branches (especially distally), 0.2–1 m. Leaves: petiole 1/2–11/2 as long as blade; blade rhombic-ovate or ovate, 1–7 × 0.5–5 cm, base rounded, cuneate, or attenuate, margins entire, plane, apex obtuse, rounded, or emarginate, mucronate. |
erect or with lateral branches ascending, usually branched from base, main and lateral stems sparingly branched or simple, 0.3–0.7(–1) m. Leaves short-petiolate; petiole 1/4–1/2 as long as blade; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate, (1–)2–6(–10) × 0.1–0.5(–1) cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins entire, plane, apex acute to mucronulate. |
Bracts | of pistillate flowers ovate to lanceolate, 1 mm, shorter than tepals. |
of pistillate flowers ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.8 mm, shorter than tepals, about 1/2 or less as long as tepals. |
Inflorescences | slender spikes aggregated into elongate terminal panicles, also from distal axils, green, leafless at least distally. |
mostly axillary clusters scattered from base to apex of plants, distally condensed in lax, unbranched, almost leafless, slender, terminal spikes, interrupted. |
Staminate flowers | inconspicuous, mostly at tips of inflorescences; tepals 3; stamens 3. |
tepals 5, apex obtuse; stamens (2–)3. |
Pistillate flowers | tepals 3, narrowly elliptic, obovate-elliptic or spatulate, not clawed, ± equal, 1.2–1.7 mm, apex rounded or nearly acute, mucronate or not; style branches erect; stigmas 3. |
tepals 5, reflexed, fan-shaped to broadly spatulate, clawed, equal or subequal, 1.5–3.3 mm, margins fimbriate or denticulate, apex much expanded and obtuse; style branches erect to ± spreading; stigmas 3(–4). |
Seeds | black or dark brown, subglobose to thick-lenticular, 1 mm diam., minutely punctulate, rather dull. |
black or dark reddish brown, lenticular to broadly lenticular, 0.8–1 mm diam., shiny, smooth. |
Utricles | ovoid to compressed-ovoid, 1–1.6 mm, equaling or slightly exceeding tepals, prominently or faintly rugose, indehiscent. |
subglobose to obovate, 1.2–2 mm, shorter than tepals, rugose to nearly smooth, dehiscence regularly circumscissile. |
2n | = 34. |
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Amaranthus viridis |
Amaranthus fimbriatus |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer–fall (in arid regions mostly after summer rains). |
Habitat | Fields, railroads, lawns, gardens, waste areas, other disturbed habitats | Sandy, gravelly slopes, washes, semideserts, disturbed habitats |
Elevation | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) | 500-1700 m (1600-5600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; FL; GA; LA; MA; MI; MS; NC; NM; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; native to South America [Introduced in North America; introduced in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide]
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AZ; CA; NM; TX; UT; n Mexico
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Discussion | Two varieties of Amaranthus fimbriatus have been recognized: var. fimbriatus, with tepals fimbriate at the apex, and var. denticulatus (= A. venulosus S. Watson), with denticulate or crenulate tepals. The latter is reported from Arizona and adjacent northern Mexico; it probably occurs more widely. A related species, Amaranthus chihuahuensis S. Watson, which occurs in Mexico (Chihuahua and Oaxaca), was reported from trans-Pecos Texas, but no reliable specimens were seen by C. F. Reed (1969b). The presence of that species in the United States needs confirmation, and its taxonomic identity remains obscure. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 429. | FNA vol. 4. |
Parent taxa | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Amaranthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | A. gracilis | Sarratia berlandieri var. fimbriata, A. fimbriatus var. denticulatus |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 2: 1405. (1763) | (Torrey) Bentham ex S. Watson: in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California 2: 42. (1880) |
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