Amaranthus viridis |
Amaranthus californicus |
|
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green amaranth, slender amaranth, tropical green amaranth |
California amaranth, California pigweed, Californian amaranth |
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Habit | Plants annual, sometimes short-lived perennial in tropics and subtropics, glabrous. | Plants annual, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, simple or with lateral branches (especially distally), 0.2–1 m. Leaves: petiole 1/2–11/2 as long as blade; blade rhombic-ovate or ovate, 1–7 × 0.5–5 cm, base rounded, cuneate, or attenuate, margins entire, plane, apex obtuse, rounded, or emarginate, mucronate. |
prostrate, whitish or tinged with red, much-branched from base, 0.1–0.5 m, rather fleshy. |
Leaves | petiole 1/2 or less as long as blade; blade pale green, veins prominent, obovate, spatulate, or oblanceolate to linear, 0.3–2(–3) × 0.2–1.5 cm, base cuneate, margins entire, plane or slightly undulate, apex obtuse to subacute, with prominent mucro. |
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Bracts | of pistillate flowers ovate to lanceolate, 1 mm, shorter than tepals. |
of pistillate flowers linear, 0.5–1 mm, ± equaling tepals. |
Inflorescences | slender spikes aggregated into elongate terminal panicles, also from distal axils, green, leafless at least distally. |
axillary clusters borne from bases to tops of plants. |
Staminate flowers | inconspicuous, mostly at tips of inflorescences; tepals 3; stamens 3. |
intermixed with pistillate; tepals (2–)3; stamens 3. |
Pistillate flowers | tepals 3, narrowly elliptic, obovate-elliptic or spatulate, not clawed, ± equal, 1.2–1.7 mm, apex rounded or nearly acute, mucronate or not; style branches erect; stigmas 3. |
tepals 1–3, narrowly lanceolate, unequal, usually with only 1 well-developed tepal, largest 1–1.2 mm, apex acute to acuminate; stigmas 3. |
Seeds | black or dark brown, subglobose to thick-lenticular, 1 mm diam., minutely punctulate, rather dull. |
very dark reddish brown, lenticular, (0.6–)0.7–1 mm diam., shiny. |
Utricles | ovoid to compressed-ovoid, 1–1.6 mm, equaling or slightly exceeding tepals, prominently or faintly rugose, indehiscent. |
subglobose, 1–1.2 mm, smooth or wrinkled (especially in dry plants), dehiscence regularly circumscissile or tardily dehiscent. |
Amaranthus viridis |
Amaranthus californicus |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer–fall. |
Habitat | Fields, railroads, lawns, gardens, waste areas, other disturbed habitats | Seasonally moist flats, shores of water bodies, waste places, other disturbed habitats |
Elevation | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) | 0-2800 m (0-9200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; FL; GA; LA; MA; MI; MS; NC; NM; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; native to South America [Introduced in North America; introduced in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide]
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CA; ID; KS; MT; NE; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; SK
|
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 429. | FNA vol. 4, p. 431. |
Parent taxa | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | A. gracilis | Mengea californica |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 2: 1405. (1763) | (Moquin-Tandon) S. Watson: in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California 2: 42. (1880) |
Web links |