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green amaranth, slender amaranth, tropical green amaranth

California amaranth, California pigweed, Californian amaranth

Habit Plants annual, sometimes short-lived perennial in tropics and subtropics, glabrous. Plants annual, glabrous.
Stems

erect, simple or with lateral branches (especially distally), 0.2–1 m. Leaves: petiole 1/2–11/2 as long as blade;

blade rhombic-ovate or ovate, 1–7 × 0.5–5 cm, base rounded, cuneate, or attenuate, margins entire, plane, apex obtuse, rounded, or emarginate, mucronate.

prostrate, whitish or tinged with red, much-branched from base, 0.1–0.5 m, rather fleshy.

Leaves

petiole 1/2 or less as long as blade;

blade pale green, veins prominent, obovate, spatulate, or oblanceolate to linear, 0.3–2(–3) × 0.2–1.5 cm, base cuneate, margins entire, plane or slightly undulate, apex obtuse to subacute, with prominent mucro.

Bracts

of pistillate flowers ovate to lanceolate, 1 mm, shorter than tepals.

of pistillate flowers linear, 0.5–1 mm, ± equaling tepals.

Inflorescences

slender spikes aggregated into elongate terminal panicles, also from distal axils, green, leafless at least distally.

axillary clusters borne from bases to tops of plants.

Staminate flowers

inconspicuous, mostly at tips of inflorescences;

tepals 3;

stamens 3.

intermixed with pistillate;

tepals (2–)3;

stamens 3.

Pistillate flowers

tepals 3, narrowly elliptic, obovate-elliptic or spatulate, not clawed, ± equal, 1.2–1.7 mm, apex rounded or nearly acute, mucronate or not;

style branches erect;

stigmas 3.

tepals 1–3, narrowly lanceolate, unequal, usually with only 1 well-developed tepal, largest 1–1.2 mm, apex acute to acuminate;

stigmas 3.

Seeds

black or dark brown, subglobose to thick-lenticular, 1 mm diam., minutely punctulate, rather dull.

very dark reddish brown, lenticular, (0.6–)0.7–1 mm diam., shiny.

Utricles

ovoid to compressed-ovoid, 1–1.6 mm, equaling or slightly exceeding tepals, prominently or faintly rugose, indehiscent.

subglobose, 1–1.2 mm, smooth or wrinkled (especially in dry plants), dehiscence regularly circumscissile or tardily dehiscent.

Amaranthus viridis

Amaranthus californicus

Phenology Flowering summer–fall. Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Fields, railroads, lawns, gardens, waste areas, other disturbed habitats Seasonally moist flats, shores of water bodies, waste places, other disturbed habitats
Elevation 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) 0-2800 m (0-9200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; FL; GA; LA; MA; MI; MS; NC; NM; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; native to South America [Introduced in North America; introduced in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; ID; KS; MT; NE; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; SK
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 429. FNA vol. 4, p. 431.
Parent taxa Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia
Sibling taxa
A. acanthochiton, A. albus, A. arenicola, A. australis, A. blitoides, A. blitum, A. californicus, A. cannabinus, A. caudatus, A. crassipes, A. crispus, A. cruentus, A. deflexus, A. dubius, A. fimbriatus, A. floridanus, A. graecizans, A. greggii, A. hybridus, A. hypochondriacus, A. muricatus, A. obcordatus, A. palmeri, A. polygonoides, A. powellii, A. pumilus, A. retroflexus, A. scleropoides, A. spinosus, A. tamaulipensis, A. thunbergii, A. torreyi, A. tricolor, A. tuberculatus, A. viscidulus, A. watsonii, A. wrightii
A. acanthochiton, A. albus, A. arenicola, A. australis, A. blitoides, A. blitum, A. cannabinus, A. caudatus, A. crassipes, A. crispus, A. cruentus, A. deflexus, A. dubius, A. fimbriatus, A. floridanus, A. graecizans, A. greggii, A. hybridus, A. hypochondriacus, A. muricatus, A. obcordatus, A. palmeri, A. polygonoides, A. powellii, A. pumilus, A. retroflexus, A. scleropoides, A. spinosus, A. tamaulipensis, A. thunbergii, A. torreyi, A. tricolor, A. tuberculatus, A. viridis, A. viscidulus, A. watsonii, A. wrightii
Synonyms A. gracilis Mengea californica
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 2: 1405. (1763) (Moquin-Tandon) S. Watson: in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California 2: 42. (1880)
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