Amaranthus viridis |
Amaranthus blitoides |
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green amaranth, slender amaranth, tropical green amaranth |
mat amaranth, matweed, matweed amaranth, procumbent pigweed, prostrate amaranth, prostrate pigweed, prostrate tumbleweed, tumbleweed amaranth |
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Habit | Plants annual, sometimes short-lived perennial in tropics and subtropics, glabrous. | Plants annual, glabrous. |
Stems | erect, simple or with lateral branches (especially distally), 0.2–1 m. Leaves: petiole 1/2–11/2 as long as blade; blade rhombic-ovate or ovate, 1–7 × 0.5–5 cm, base rounded, cuneate, or attenuate, margins entire, plane, apex obtuse, rounded, or emarginate, mucronate. |
prostrate or ascending (very rarely suberect), much-branched (usually from base), (0.1–)0.2–0.6(–1) m. Leaves: petiole ± 1/2 as long as blade; blade obovate, elliptic, or spatulate, 1–2(–4) × 0.5–1(–1.5) cm, base cuneate and tapering, margins usually entire, plane, rarely slightly undulate, apex obtuse, rounded, mucronulate. |
Bracts | of pistillate flowers ovate to lanceolate, 1 mm, shorter than tepals. |
of pistillate flowers narrow, thin, 1.5–5 mm, ± equaling or slightly exceeding tepals. |
Inflorescences | slender spikes aggregated into elongate terminal panicles, also from distal axils, green, leafless at least distally. |
axillary glomerules, green. |
Staminate flowers | inconspicuous, mostly at tips of inflorescences; tepals 3; stamens 3. |
intermixed with pistillate; tepals 3(–4); stamens 3. |
Pistillate flowers | tepals 3, narrowly elliptic, obovate-elliptic or spatulate, not clawed, ± equal, 1.2–1.7 mm, apex rounded or nearly acute, mucronate or not; style branches erect; stigmas 3. |
tepals (3–)4–5, narrowly ovate to broadly linear, unequal or subequal, 1.5–3 mm, thin, apex acute or acuminate; style branches spreading; stigmas 3. |
Seeds | black or dark brown, subglobose to thick-lenticular, 1 mm diam., minutely punctulate, rather dull. |
black, lenticular to broadly plumply lenticular, 1.3–1.6 mm diam., rather dull. |
Utricles | ovoid to compressed-ovoid, 1–1.6 mm, equaling or slightly exceeding tepals, prominently or faintly rugose, indehiscent. |
broadly ovoid, 1.7–2.5 mm, equaling tepals, mostly smooth (slightly verrucose or rugose in dry plants), dehiscence regularly circumscissile. |
Amaranthus viridis |
Amaranthus blitoides |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer–fall. |
Habitat | Fields, railroads, lawns, gardens, waste areas, other disturbed habitats | Disturbed habitats: roadsides, riverbanks, railroads, fields, waste places, sandy flats |
Elevation | 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft) | 0-2200 m (0-7200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; FL; GA; LA; MA; MI; MS; NC; NM; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; native to South America [Introduced in North America; introduced in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide]
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK [Introduced and often completely naturalized in South America, Eurasia, and other regions]
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Discussion | The name Amaranthus graecizans often has been misapplied to both A. blitoides and A. albus in older North American floras and manuals. Amaranthus blitoides was probably originally native to central and partly eastern United States, but now it is widely and successfully naturalized almost everywhere in temperate North America and in many subtropical to warm-temperate regions. It has not been reported from Mississippi or North Carolina but since it is found in all other conterminous United States it can be expected to occur in these two as well. Varieties have been described within Amaranthus blitoides; most of them are of no taxonomic significance, being mostly ecologic forms or local morphologic variants. Among the infraspecific taxa, the most constant is var. reverchonii Uline & W. L. Bray, with narrower, more elongated leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 429. | FNA vol. 4, p. 434. |
Parent taxa | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | A. gracilis | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 2: 1405. (1763) | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 273. (1877) |
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