Amaranthus muricatus |
Amaranthus tricolor |
|
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African amaranth, muricate amaranth |
Joseph's-coat, summer poinsettia |
|
Habit | Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous or slightly pubescent near tips. | Plants annual, glabrous. |
Stems | ascending or prostrate, much-branched from stout rootstock, 0.1–0.4 m. |
erect, often branched, 0.8–1.5 m. |
Leaves | petiole to 1/2 as long as blade; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–8 × 0.2–0.5(–1) mm, base tapering, margins entire, plane to undulate, apex obtuse and often emarginate. |
petiole 1/2 as long as blade; blade ovate, elliptic, rhombic, or lanceolate, mostly 4–12 × 1.4–6 cm, base tapering, margins entire, usually undulate, apex acuminate and short-mucronate; distal leaf blades green, red, scarlet, maroon, purple, yellow, and cream (unique to A. tricolor). |
Bracts | of pistillate flowers linear, 0.7–1.2 mm, 1/2–2/3 as long as tepals. |
of pistillate flowers ovate to lanceolate, 5–6 mm. |
Inflorescences | terminal, compact pyramidal panicles and axillary glomerules, erect or reflexed, green, leafless at least distally. |
axillary glomerules. |
Staminate flowers | intermixed with pistillate or at tips of inflorescences; tepals 5; stamens 5. |
intermixed with pistillate; tepals 3; stamens 3. |
Pistillate flowers | tepals 5, narrowly oblanceolate, not clawed, equal, 1.5–2 mm, apex obtuse or subacute; style branches erect; stigmas 3. |
tepals 3, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 5–6 mm, apex aristate; style branches spreading; stigmas 2–3. |
Seeds | black, lenticular, 1–1.2 mm diam., semiglossy. |
black or brownish black, subglobose, 1 mm diam., shiny. |
Utricles | compressed, subglobose, 1.7–2 mm, ± equaling or slightly exceeding tepals, muricate, indehiscent. |
ovoid, 2–2.5 mm, rugose, dehiscence regularly circumscissile. |
Amaranthus muricatus |
Amaranthus tricolor |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer–fall. |
Habitat | Waste places, on ballast | Locally escaped from cultivation, disturbed areas |
Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; s South America (Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced in s Europe, s Africa, Australia, and other regions] |
LA; MI; MO; native in tropical Asia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | The vernacular name “African amaranth” is sometimes used for this species; it is a misnomer; the species is native to South America and naturalized in Africa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Amaranthus tricolor is widely cultivated as a garden plant for its showy, often variegated, distal leaves of striking colors—red, scarlet, maroon, purple, yellow, cream, and green. Other cultivated varieties with green leaves are sometimes cultivated as a potherb. Escaped plants sometimes occur near places of cultivation; we have no evidence of widespread establishment. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 431. | FNA vol. 4, p. 433. |
Parent taxa | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Euxolus muricatus | |
Name authority | (Moquin-Tandon) Hieronymus: Pl. Diaph. Fl. Argent., 227. (1882) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 989. (1753) |
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