Amaranthus muricatus |
Amaranthus torreyi |
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African amaranth, muricate amaranth |
Bigelow's amaranth, sandhill amaranth, Torrey's amaranth, Torrey's amaranthus |
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Habit | Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous or slightly pubescent near tips. | Plants glabrescent to sparsely pubescent. |
Stems | ascending or prostrate, much-branched from stout rootstock, 0.1–0.4 m. |
erect or ascending proximally, much-branched especially near base, 0.1–0.7 m. |
Leaves | petiole to 1/2 as long as blade; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–8 × 0.2–0.5(–1) mm, base tapering, margins entire, plane to undulate, apex obtuse and often emarginate. |
petiole less than 1/2 as long as blade; blade oblanceolate or lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, (1.2–)1.5–5(–7) × 0.3–2 cm, base narrowly cuneate to cuneate, margins entire, plane or slightly undulate, apex acute to subobtuse, mucronulate. |
Bracts | of pistillate flowers linear, 0.7–1.2 mm, 1/2–2/3 as long as tepals. |
lanceolate to linear-subulate, 1.3–3.5 mm, slightly longer than tepals. |
Inflorescences | terminal, compact pyramidal panicles and axillary glomerules, erect or reflexed, green, leafless at least distally. |
axillary clusters, toward apex aggregated in spikes (rarely spicate panicles), axes, leafy (occasionally almost leafless distally). |
Staminate flowers | intermixed with pistillate or at tips of inflorescences; tepals 5; stamens 5. |
mostly at tips of inflorescences; tepals 5, equal or subequal; stamens 3(–5). |
Pistillate flowers | tepals 5, narrowly oblanceolate, not clawed, equal, 1.5–2 mm, apex obtuse or subacute; style branches erect; stigmas 3. |
tepals 5, spatulate to narrowly spatulate, clawed, equal or subequal, 1.5–2.5 mm, margins entire, apex obtuse, rounded, or slightly emarginate; style branches erect; stigmas 3. |
Seeds | black, lenticular, 1–1.2 mm diam., semiglossy. |
black, subglobose to broadly lenticular, 1 mm diam., smooth, shiny. |
Utricles | compressed, subglobose, 1.7–2 mm, ± equaling or slightly exceeding tepals, muricate, indehiscent. |
obovoid to subglobose-obovoid, 1.5–2 mm, nearly equaling or slightly shorter than tepals, smooth, dehiscence regularly circumscissile. |
Amaranthus muricatus |
Amaranthus torreyi |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer–fall. |
Habitat | Waste places, on ballast | Sandy, rocky, and gravelly flats, slopes, canyons, washes, other naturally disturbed habitats |
Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) | 1000-1700 m (3300-5600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; s South America (Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced in s Europe, s Africa, Australia, and other regions] |
AZ; CA; NM; TX; Mexico
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Discussion | The vernacular name “African amaranth” is sometimes used for this species; it is a misnomer; the species is native to South America and naturalized in Africa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The name Amaranthus torreyi has been widely misapplied to at least two other species, 7. A. arenicola and 6. A. watsonii. Because of that, the name A. bigelovii was used for A. torreyi by J. D. Sauer (1955) and in some recent floras. Sometimes A. torreyi (California and Arizona) and A. bigelovii (New Mexico and Texas) are recognized as separate species. The nomenclature and taxonomic relationships in this group should be critically reviewed based on type specimens and additional experimental and field studies. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 431. | FNA vol. 4. |
Parent taxa | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Amaranthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Euxolus muricatus | Amblogyna torreyi, Amblogyna bigelovii, A. pringlei, Sarratia berlandieri var. emarginata |
Name authority | (Moquin-Tandon) Hieronymus: Pl. Diaph. Fl. Argent., 227. (1882) | (A. Gray) S. Watson: in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California 2: 42. (1880) |
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