Amaranthus muricatus |
Amaranthus thunbergii |
|
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African amaranth, muricate amaranth |
Thunberg's amaranth, Thunberg's amaranthus |
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Habit | Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous or slightly pubescent near tips. | Plants annual, pubescent when young, becoming glabrescent at maturity. |
Stems | ascending or prostrate, much-branched from stout rootstock, 0.1–0.4 m. |
decumbent or erect, branched proximally, 0.7–1 m. |
Leaves | petiole to 1/2 as long as blade; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–8 × 0.2–0.5(–1) mm, base tapering, margins entire, plane to undulate, apex obtuse and often emarginate. |
petiole 1/2–11/2 times as long as blade; blade obovate or obovate-elliptic to oblanceolate, 1–2 × 0.5–1 cm, base cuneate to attenuate, margins entire, apex obtuse, rounded, or slightly emarginate, mucronate. |
Bracts | of pistillate flowers linear, 0.7–1.2 mm, 1/2–2/3 as long as tepals. |
of pistillate flowers lanceolate, 2–4 mm, shorter than tepals. |
Inflorescences | terminal, compact pyramidal panicles and axillary glomerules, erect or reflexed, green, leafless at least distally. |
axillary clusters extending to near base. |
Staminate flowers | intermixed with pistillate or at tips of inflorescences; tepals 5; stamens 5. |
intermixed with pistillate; tepals 3, equal; stamens 3. |
Pistillate flowers | tepals 5, narrowly oblanceolate, not clawed, equal, 1.5–2 mm, apex obtuse or subacute; style branches erect; stigmas 3. |
tepals 3, reflexed, ovate-elliptic to lanceolate, 3–5 mm, apex tapering and long-aristate; style branches spreading; stigmas 2. |
Seeds | black, lenticular, 1–1.2 mm diam., semiglossy. |
black, subglobose or lenticular, 1–1.4 mm diam., semishiny (or minutely punctulate and reticulate). |
Utricles | compressed, subglobose, 1.7–2 mm, ± equaling or slightly exceeding tepals, muricate, indehiscent. |
ellipsoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, 2 mm, shorter than tepals, mostly smooth (or slightly rugose distally), dehiscence regularly circumscissile. |
Amaranthus muricatus |
Amaranthus thunbergii |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer–fall. |
Habitat | Waste places, on ballast | Uncommon, casual alien near wool-combing mills |
Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; s South America (Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced in s Europe, s Africa, Australia, and other regions] |
SC; native to Africa [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | The vernacular name “African amaranth” is sometimes used for this species; it is a misnomer; the species is native to South America and naturalized in Africa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 431. | FNA vol. 4, p. 433. |
Parent taxa | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Euxolus muricatus | |
Name authority | (Moquin-Tandon) Hieronymus: Pl. Diaph. Fl. Argent., 227. (1882) | Moquin-Tandon: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 262. (1849) |
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