Amaranthus muricatus |
Amaranthus tamaulipensis |
|
---|---|---|
African amaranth, muricate amaranth |
tamaulipas amaranth |
|
Habit | Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous or slightly pubescent near tips. | Plants glabrous. |
Stems | ascending or prostrate, much-branched from stout rootstock, 0.1–0.4 m. |
erect or ascending (sometimes prostrate), stramineous or suffused with red, branched at base, sparsely branched to simple distally, 15–30(–60) cm. |
Leaves | petiole to 1/2 as long as blade; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–8 × 0.2–0.5(–1) mm, base tapering, margins entire, plane to undulate, apex obtuse and often emarginate. |
petiole 1/2 as long as to equaling blade; blade ovate or rhombic-ovate, 1–2.7 × 0.5–1.5 cm, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margins entire, plane or slightly undulate (rarely erose), apex obtuse, rounded, or broadly cuneate, with mucro. |
Bracts | of pistillate flowers linear, 0.7–1.2 mm, 1/2–2/3 as long as tepals. |
lanceolate-ovate to lanceolate, shorter than tepals, apex acute. |
Inflorescences | terminal, compact pyramidal panicles and axillary glomerules, erect or reflexed, green, leafless at least distally. |
axial glomerules from base of plant to tip, interrupted at nodes or crowded in terminal, leafy spikes. |
Staminate flowers | intermixed with pistillate or at tips of inflorescences; tepals 5; stamens 5. |
basal and scattered on lateral shoots; tepals 4–5, oblong-ovate, equal, 1.2–1.6 mm, apex acute to acuminate; stamens 3(–4). |
Pistillate flowers | tepals 5, narrowly oblanceolate, not clawed, equal, 1.5–2 mm, apex obtuse or subacute; style branches erect; stigmas 3. |
tepals 5, not imbricate, distal parts expanded, oblong-spatulate, subequal, 1.1–1.6(–2.1) mm, scarious, margins entire, apex obtuse or rounded, with excurrent midrib; style branches erect; stigmas 3. |
Seeds | black, lenticular, 1–1.2 mm diam., semiglossy. |
black to reddish brown, lenticular to subglobose, 1–1.2 mm, smooth, shiny. |
Utricles | compressed, subglobose, 1.7–2 mm, ± equaling or slightly exceeding tepals, muricate, indehiscent. |
brownish at maturity, obovoid to obpyramidal, slightly biconvex, 1.5–1.7 mm, longer than tepals, rugose to tuberculate, dehiscence regularly circumscissile. |
Amaranthus muricatus |
Amaranthus tamaulipensis |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering spring–fall. |
Habitat | Waste places, on ballast | Disturbed habitats |
Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) | 0-100 m (0-300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; s South America (Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced in s Europe, s Africa, Australia, and other regions] |
TX; Mexico (San Luis Potosí, Tabasco, Tamaulipas) |
Discussion | The vernacular name “African amaranth” is sometimes used for this species; it is a misnomer; the species is native to South America and naturalized in Africa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Amaranthus tamaulipensis seems to be related to A. brandegeei Standley sensu stricto, which was described from northern Mexico, and A. dubius. According to Henrickson, A. tamaulipensis differs from A. brandegeei in having erect, not reflexed, tepals; from A. dubius it can be distinguished by the characters of its tepals, distinctly rugose, not smooth, fruits with smooth, turban-shaped style base, and three stamens. The proper placement and taxonomic status of A. tamaulipensis remain problematic and need further study. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 431. | FNA vol. 4, p. 426. |
Parent taxa | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Amaranthus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Euxolus muricatus | |
Name authority | (Moquin-Tandon) Hieronymus: Pl. Diaph. Fl. Argent., 227. (1882) | Henrickson: Sida 18: 800, f igs. 4G, 5, 8, map. (1999) |
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