Amaranthus muricatus |
Amaranthus floridanus |
|
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African amaranth, muricate amaranth |
Florida amaranth, Florida water-hemp |
|
Habit | Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous or slightly pubescent near tips. | |
Stems | ascending or prostrate, much-branched from stout rootstock, 0.1–0.4 m. |
erect, branched, slender, usually (0.5–)1–1.5 m. |
Leaves | petiole to 1/2 as long as blade; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–8 × 0.2–0.5(–1) mm, base tapering, margins entire, plane to undulate, apex obtuse and often emarginate. |
petiole 1/4 length of blade; blade linear to narrowly oblong, usually 10(–20) × 1 cm, base narrowly cuneate, margins entire, plane, apex obtuse to rounded. |
Bracts | of pistillate flowers linear, 0.7–1.2 mm, 1/2–2/3 as long as tepals. |
of pistillate flowers 1–1.5 mm; of staminate flowers with moderately heavy midrib, 1–1.5 mm. |
Inflorescences | terminal, compact pyramidal panicles and axillary glomerules, erect or reflexed, green, leafless at least distally. |
terminal, linear spikes to panicles. |
Staminate flowers | intermixed with pistillate or at tips of inflorescences; tepals 5; stamens 5. |
tepals 5, with excurrent midrib, equal to subequal, 2(–2.5) mm, apex acute to indistinctly mucronulate in outer tepals; stamens 5. |
Pistillate flowers | tepals 5, narrowly oblanceolate, not clawed, equal, 1.5–2 mm, apex obtuse or subacute; style branches erect; stigmas 3. |
tepals 1–2(–3), unequal, inner tepals lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 1–1.5 mm, apex acute to acuminate; style branches spreading; stigmas 3. |
Seeds | black, lenticular, 1–1.2 mm diam., semiglossy. |
dark reddish brown to dark brown, 0.7–1 mm diam., shiny. |
Utricles | compressed, subglobose, 1.7–2 mm, ± equaling or slightly exceeding tepals, muricate, indehiscent. |
reddish to reddish brown, occasionally with indistinct longitudinal ridges, subglobose to broadly obovoid, 1.5–2.5 mm, wall thin or slightly fleshy, irregularly rugose. |
Amaranthus muricatus |
Amaranthus floridanus |
|
Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering late spring–fall. |
Habitat | Waste places, on ballast | Coastal dunes, beaches, swamps, marshes, disturbed habitats, such as gardens and fields near coast |
Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) | 0-10 m (0-0 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; s South America (Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced in s Europe, s Africa, Australia, and other regions] |
FL |
Discussion | The vernacular name “African amaranth” is sometimes used for this species; it is a misnomer; the species is native to South America and naturalized in Africa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 431. | FNA vol. 4, p. 417. |
Parent taxa | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Acnida > sect. Acnida |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Euxolus muricatus | Acnida floridana |
Name authority | (Moquin-Tandon) Hieronymus: Pl. Diaph. Fl. Argent., 227. (1882) | (S. Watson) J. D. Sauer: Madroño 13: 25. (1955) |
Web links |