Amaranthus muricatus |
Amaranthus californicus |
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African amaranth, muricate amaranth |
California amaranth, California pigweed, Californian amaranth |
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Habit | Plants annual or short-lived perennial, glabrous or slightly pubescent near tips. | Plants annual, glabrous. |
Stems | ascending or prostrate, much-branched from stout rootstock, 0.1–0.4 m. |
prostrate, whitish or tinged with red, much-branched from base, 0.1–0.5 m, rather fleshy. |
Leaves | petiole to 1/2 as long as blade; blade linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–8 × 0.2–0.5(–1) mm, base tapering, margins entire, plane to undulate, apex obtuse and often emarginate. |
petiole 1/2 or less as long as blade; blade pale green, veins prominent, obovate, spatulate, or oblanceolate to linear, 0.3–2(–3) × 0.2–1.5 cm, base cuneate, margins entire, plane or slightly undulate, apex obtuse to subacute, with prominent mucro. |
Bracts | of pistillate flowers linear, 0.7–1.2 mm, 1/2–2/3 as long as tepals. |
of pistillate flowers linear, 0.5–1 mm, ± equaling tepals. |
Inflorescences | terminal, compact pyramidal panicles and axillary glomerules, erect or reflexed, green, leafless at least distally. |
axillary clusters borne from bases to tops of plants. |
Staminate flowers | intermixed with pistillate or at tips of inflorescences; tepals 5; stamens 5. |
intermixed with pistillate; tepals (2–)3; stamens 3. |
Pistillate flowers | tepals 5, narrowly oblanceolate, not clawed, equal, 1.5–2 mm, apex obtuse or subacute; style branches erect; stigmas 3. |
tepals 1–3, narrowly lanceolate, unequal, usually with only 1 well-developed tepal, largest 1–1.2 mm, apex acute to acuminate; stigmas 3. |
Seeds | black, lenticular, 1–1.2 mm diam., semiglossy. |
very dark reddish brown, lenticular, (0.6–)0.7–1 mm diam., shiny. |
Utricles | compressed, subglobose, 1.7–2 mm, ± equaling or slightly exceeding tepals, muricate, indehiscent. |
subglobose, 1–1.2 mm, smooth or wrinkled (especially in dry plants), dehiscence regularly circumscissile or tardily dehiscent. |
Amaranthus muricatus |
Amaranthus californicus |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer–fall. |
Habitat | Waste places, on ballast | Seasonally moist flats, shores of water bodies, waste places, other disturbed habitats |
Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) | 0-2800 m (0-9200 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; s South America (Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay) [Introduced in North America; introduced in s Europe, s Africa, Australia, and other regions] |
CA; ID; KS; MT; NE; NV; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; SK
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Discussion | The vernacular name “African amaranth” is sometimes used for this species; it is a misnomer; the species is native to South America and naturalized in Africa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 431. | FNA vol. 4, p. 431. |
Parent taxa | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Euxolus muricatus | Mengea californica |
Name authority | (Moquin-Tandon) Hieronymus: Pl. Diaph. Fl. Argent., 227. (1882) | (Moquin-Tandon) S. Watson: in W. H. Brewer et al., Bot. California 2: 42. (1880) |
Web links |