Amaranthus deflexus |
Amaranthus obcordatus |
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Argentina amaranth, deflexed amaranth, large-fruit amaranth, low amaranth |
trans-Pecos amaranth |
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Habit | Plants short-lived perennial or annual, pubescent in distal parts of plant or becoming glabrescent at maturity. | Plants glabrous. |
Stems | ascending or prostrate, profusely branched basally, radiating from rootstock, mostly 0.2–0.5 m. |
erect or ascending, branched, 0.1–0.5 m. |
Leaves | petiole 1/2 as long as to equaling blade; blade rhombic-ovate or ovate to lanceolate, 1–2 × 0.5–1 cm, base tapering or cuneate, margins entire, plane or slightly undulate, apex subacute, obtuse, or retuse or shallowly emarginate, mucronulate. |
petiole 1/2 as long as blade; blade oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate-linear, 1–3 × 0.2–1 cm, base cuneate to narrowly cuneate, margins entire, plane or sometimes undulate, apex rounded or obtuse-truncate, mucronate. |
Bracts | of pistillate flowers linear, 0.5–1 mm, 1/2 as long as tepals. |
broadly ovate, 1 mm or shorter, 1/2 or less length of tepals, apex acute. |
Inflorescences | terminal, erect, compact, pyramidal panicles and also some axillary clusters, green or silvery green, occasionally tinged with red, leafless at least distally. |
mostly axillary, but at apex flowers also condensed in terminal spikes or spicate panicles, usually leafy proximally or nearly leafless distally. |
Staminate flowers | clustered at tips of inflorescences; tepals 2–3; stamens 2–3. |
tepals (3–)5; stamens 3. |
Pistillate flowers | tepals 2–3, narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, not clawed, equal or subequal, 1.2–2 mm, apex broadly acute; style branches erect; stigmas 3. |
tepals 5, spreading at maturity, spatulate, clawed, subequal, 2 mm, margins fimbriate, apex rounded or shallowly emarginate; stigmas 3. |
Seeds | very dark brown to black, 1–1.2 mm diam., shiny, filling only proximal portion of fruit. |
dark reddish brown to nearly black, lenticular or broadly lenticular, 0.6–0.8 mm diam., smooth. |
Utricles | marked with 2(–3) green lines that intersect at apex and divide fruit into halves or quarters, slightly to distinctly inflated, ellipsoid, 2–3 mm, distinctly longer than tepals, smooth (in dry plants wrinkled or rugose), indehiscent. |
narrowly oblong, 1–1.4 mm, shorter than tepals, indehiscent. |
Amaranthus deflexus |
Amaranthus obcordatus |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer–fall. |
Habitat | Weedy areas, ballast heaps, railroads, other disturbed habitats | Semideserts, naturally disturbed habitats |
Elevation | 0-500 m [0-1600 ft] | 1000-1200 m [3300-3900 ft] |
Distribution |
AL; CA; FL; GA; LA; MA; NJ; NY; OR; PA; TN; VA; native to South America [Introduced in North America; locally introduced or naturalized in tropical to warm-temperate regions of the globe]
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AZ; TX; n Mexico (Sinaloa, Sonora) |
Discussion | The hybrid between Amaranthus deflexus and A. muricatus was described from Europe as A. ×tarraconensis Sennen & Pau (see J. L. Carretero 1979) and may be expected in North America in the future in places of possible co-occurrence of the parental species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Amaranthus obcordatus has been reported only from southern Arizona (T. H. Kearney and R. H. Peebles 1960), trans-Pecos Texas in Brewster and Pecos counties, and adjacent regions of Mexico (C. F. Reed 1969b). It was also tentatively reported for New Mexico, but no localities were cited (W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980). The proper taxonomic position of A. obcordatus and its relationships to other species remain problematic and are in need of further study. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 430. | FNA vol. 4, p. 427. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Amblogyna urceolata var. obcordata | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Mant. Pl. 2: 295. (1771) | (A. Gray) Standley: in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 21: 107. (1917) |
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