Amaranthus blitoides |
Amaranthus crispus |
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mat amaranth, matweed, matweed amaranth, procumbent pigweed, prostrate amaranth, prostrate pigweed, prostrate tumbleweed, tumbleweed amaranth |
crisp-leaf amaranth |
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Habit | Plants annual, glabrous. | Plants annual, sparsely pubescent. |
Stems | prostrate or ascending (very rarely suberect), much-branched (usually from base), (0.1–)0.2–0.6(–1) m. Leaves: petiole ± 1/2 as long as blade; blade obovate, elliptic, or spatulate, 1–2(–4) × 0.5–1(–1.5) cm, base cuneate and tapering, margins usually entire, plane, rarely slightly undulate, apex obtuse, rounded, mucronulate. |
prostrate to ascending, branched mainly from base, 0.1–0.4(–0.5) m. Leaves: petiole shorter than blade; blade rhombic-ovate to oblong, 0.5–1.5(–2.5) × 0.3–0.8(–1.5) cm, base cuneate, margins crisped-erose, conspicuously undulate, apex acute to subobtuse, with short mucro. |
Bracts | of pistillate flowers narrow, thin, 1.5–5 mm, ± equaling or slightly exceeding tepals. |
lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 1.2–1.7 mm, ± equaling or slightly shorter than tepals. |
Inflorescences | axillary glomerules, green. |
axillary glomerules, green, axes not thickened, not indurage at maturity. |
Staminate flowers | intermixed with pistillate; tepals 3(–4); stamens 3. |
intermixed with pistillate; tepals 5; stamens 5. |
Pistillate flowers | tepals (3–)4–5, narrowly ovate to broadly linear, unequal or subequal, 1.5–3 mm, thin, apex acute or acuminate; style branches spreading; stigmas 3. |
tepals 5, spatulate-oblong, equal to subequal, 1.2–1.7 mm, margins entire, apex rounded to subacute; style branches spreading; stigmas 3, sessile. |
Seeds | black, lenticular to broadly plumply lenticular, 1.3–1.6 mm diam., rather dull. |
black to dark reddish brown, lenticular to obovoid-lenticular, 0.7–1 mm diam., smooth. |
Utricles | broadly ovoid, 1.7–2.5 mm, equaling tepals, mostly smooth (slightly verrucose or rugose in dry plants), dehiscence regularly circumscissile. |
ellipsoid or obovoid, 1.5–2 mm, slightly longer than tepals, smooth to slightly wrinkled, indehiscent. |
Amaranthus blitoides |
Amaranthus crispus |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer–fall. |
Habitat | Disturbed habitats: roadsides, riverbanks, railroads, fields, waste places, sandy flats | Waste places, other disturbed habitats, mostly at seaports and on ballast |
Elevation | 0-2200 m (0-7200 ft) | 0-500 m (0-1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; ON; QC; SK [Introduced and often completely naturalized in South America, Eurasia, and other regions]
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NC; NJ; NY; VA; native to South America (Argentina) [Introduced in North America; introduced in s Eurasia and other regions] |
Discussion | The name Amaranthus graecizans often has been misapplied to both A. blitoides and A. albus in older North American floras and manuals. Amaranthus blitoides was probably originally native to central and partly eastern United States, but now it is widely and successfully naturalized almost everywhere in temperate North America and in many subtropical to warm-temperate regions. It has not been reported from Mississippi or North Carolina but since it is found in all other conterminous United States it can be expected to occur in these two as well. Varieties have been described within Amaranthus blitoides; most of them are of no taxonomic significance, being mostly ecologic forms or local morphologic variants. Among the infraspecific taxa, the most constant is var. reverchonii Uline & W. L. Bray, with narrower, more elongated leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 434. | FNA vol. 4, p. 431. |
Parent taxa | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia | Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus > subg. Albersia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Euxolus crispus | |
Name authority | S. Watson: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 273. (1877) | (Lespinasse & Thévenau) A. Braun ex J. M. Coulter & S. Watson: in A. Gray et al., Manual ed. 6, 428. (1890) |
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