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desert alyssum, desert madwort

alyssum, madwort

Habit Annuals; canescent throughout except fruit, trichomes appressed, 8–20-rayed. Annuals or perennials [biennials, subshrubs]; not scapose; trichomes sessile, stellate, with 2–6 minute basal branches (branches as many as 3–25), rays branched or not, sometimes trichomes simple [lepidote].
Stems

simple or few to several from base, erect, ascending, or decumbent, (0.2–)0.5–1.8(–2.8) dm.

erect, ascending, or decumbent, unbranched or branched.

Leaves

basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile;

basal rosulate or not, petiolate or sessile, blade margins entire;

cauline petiolate or sessile, blade (base cuneate or attenuate), margins entire.

Cauline leaves

subsessile or (proximal) attenuate to petiole-like base (to 0.5 cm);

blade linear to oblanceolate-linear, (0.3–)0.5–2.5(–3) cm × (0.5–)1–3(–4) mm (gradually smaller distally), base attenuate, apex acute.

Racemes

(few- to several-flowered, sometimes corymbose or paniculate).

Flowers

sepals oblong, 1.4–1.8(–2) × 0.4–0.5 mm, stellate-pubescent;

petals pale yellow, oblanceolate, 2–2.5 × 0.5–0.6 mm, base attenuate, apex obtuse or retuse, sparsely stellate-pubescent abaxially;

filaments: median pairs not toothed, gradually expanded from apex to narrowly winged base, lateral pair with broadly winged appendage apically notched into 2 teeth, 1–1.8(–2) mm;

anthers ovate, 0.1–0.2 mm.

sepals ovate or oblong, lateral pair not saccate;

petals yellow or white [rarely pink], suborbicular, spatulate, oblanceolate, linear-oblanceolate, or, obovate (apex obtuse or emarginate);

stamens tetradynamous;

filaments not winged, uni- or bilaterally winged, appendaged, or toothed;

anthers ovate or oblong;

nectar glands (4), 1 on each side of lateral stamen, median glands absent; (placentation apical or parietal).

Fruiting pedicels

ascending or subdivaricate, straight, stout, (1–)1.5–3.5(–4.5) mm, trichomes uniformly stellate.

ascending, divaricate, or reflexed, slender or stout.

Fruits

orbicular, 2.5–4(–4.5) mm diam., apex shallowly emarginate, usually glabrous;

valves uniformly inflated at middle, broadly flattened at margins, often glaucous, rarely sparsely pubescent (when young);

ovules 2 per ovary;

style 0.3–0.7 mm, glabrous.

sessile, ovate-oblong, obovate, or elliptic [obcordate, rarely globose], usually strongly flattened, latiseptate, rarely inflated;

valves each not veined (smooth), pubescent or glabrous;

replum (visible), rounded;

septum complete, (membranous, translucent, veinless);

ovules 1 or 2 [or 4–8] per ovary;

stigma capitate.

Seeds

ovoid, slightly compressed, 1.2–1.5 × 0.9–1.1 mm, margined or not.

biseriate or aseriate, flattened, winged or not, orbicular or suborbicular to ovoid;

seed coat (smooth or minutely reticulate), mucilaginous or not when wetted;

cotyledons accumbent or incumbent.

2n

= 32.

Alyssum desertorum

Alyssum

Phenology Flowering Apr–Jul.
Habitat Deserts, rocky areas, disturbed sites, roadsides, fields, meadows, sagebrush flats
Elevation 800-2000 m (2600-6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; CO; ID; MT; ND; NE; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK; Europe; c Asia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
North America; se Europe; Asia; n Africa
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species ca. 170 (6 in the flora).

Alyssum has five introduced and one native species in North America. It is taxonomically difficult and is centered in Turkey and adjacent countries. For the determination of most species, both flowers and mature fruits are needed. Alyssum has been split into nine or more segregates; the segregates are based on the presence of staminal appendages, petal color, and number of ovules per ovary. In the absence of thorough molecular studies on Alyssum and its immediate relatives, it is more practical to delimit the genus broadly, as done here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Perennials; ovules 1 or 2 per ovary
→ 2
1. Annuals; ovules 2 per ovary
→ 3
2. Cauline leaf blades broadly oblanceolate, obovate-spatulate, or obovate; stems 0.7-1.5(-2) dm; ovules (1 or) 2 per ovary; seeds not winged or margined, 1-1.7 mm.
A. obovatum
2. Cauline leaf blades narrowly oblanceolate to linear; stems (2.5-)3-6(-7) dm; ovules 1 per ovary; seeds broadly winged, 3-3.8 mm.
A. murale
3. Fruits usually glabrous, rarely sparsely pubescent (when young).
A. desertorum
3. Fruits pubescent throughout
→ 4
4. Sepals persistent; filaments not appendaged, toothed, or winged (slender).
A. alyssoides
4. Sepals caducous; filaments at least some appendaged, toothed, or winged (expanded basally)
→ 5
5. Fruits orbicular; fruiting pedicels divaricate.
A. simplex
5. Fruits ovate-oblong; fruiting pedicels ascending to suberect.
A. szowitsianum
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 248. FNA vol. 7, p. 247. Author: Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Alysseae > Alyssum Brassicaceae > tribe Alysseae
Sibling taxa
A. alyssoides, A. murale, A. obovatum, A. simplex, A. szowitsianum
Subordinate taxa
A. alyssoides, A. desertorum, A. murale, A. obovatum, A. simplex, A. szowitsianum
Name authority Stapf: Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 302. (1886) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 650. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 293. (1754)
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