Alyssum desertorum |
Alyssum |
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desert alyssum, desert madwort |
alyssum, madwort |
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Habit | Annuals; canescent throughout except fruit, trichomes appressed, 8–20-rayed. | Annuals or perennials [biennials, subshrubs]; not scapose; trichomes sessile, stellate, with 2–6 minute basal branches (branches as many as 3–25), rays branched or not, sometimes trichomes simple [lepidote]. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | simple or few to several from base, erect, ascending, or decumbent, (0.2–)0.5–1.8(–2.8) dm. |
erect, ascending, or decumbent, unbranched or branched. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; basal rosulate or not, petiolate or sessile, blade margins entire; cauline petiolate or sessile, blade (base cuneate or attenuate), margins entire. |
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Cauline leaves | subsessile or (proximal) attenuate to petiole-like base (to 0.5 cm); blade linear to oblanceolate-linear, (0.3–)0.5–2.5(–3) cm × (0.5–)1–3(–4) mm (gradually smaller distally), base attenuate, apex acute. |
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Racemes | (few- to several-flowered, sometimes corymbose or paniculate). |
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Flowers | sepals oblong, 1.4–1.8(–2) × 0.4–0.5 mm, stellate-pubescent; petals pale yellow, oblanceolate, 2–2.5 × 0.5–0.6 mm, base attenuate, apex obtuse or retuse, sparsely stellate-pubescent abaxially; filaments: median pairs not toothed, gradually expanded from apex to narrowly winged base, lateral pair with broadly winged appendage apically notched into 2 teeth, 1–1.8(–2) mm; anthers ovate, 0.1–0.2 mm. |
sepals ovate or oblong, lateral pair not saccate; petals yellow or white [rarely pink], suborbicular, spatulate, oblanceolate, linear-oblanceolate, or, obovate (apex obtuse or emarginate); stamens tetradynamous; filaments not winged, uni- or bilaterally winged, appendaged, or toothed; anthers ovate or oblong; nectar glands (4), 1 on each side of lateral stamen, median glands absent; (placentation apical or parietal). |
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Fruiting pedicels | ascending or subdivaricate, straight, stout, (1–)1.5–3.5(–4.5) mm, trichomes uniformly stellate. |
ascending, divaricate, or reflexed, slender or stout. |
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Fruits | orbicular, 2.5–4(–4.5) mm diam., apex shallowly emarginate, usually glabrous; valves uniformly inflated at middle, broadly flattened at margins, often glaucous, rarely sparsely pubescent (when young); ovules 2 per ovary; style 0.3–0.7 mm, glabrous. |
sessile, ovate-oblong, obovate, or elliptic [obcordate, rarely globose], usually strongly flattened, latiseptate, rarely inflated; valves each not veined (smooth), pubescent or glabrous; replum (visible), rounded; septum complete, (membranous, translucent, veinless); ovules 1 or 2 [or 4–8] per ovary; stigma capitate. |
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Seeds | ovoid, slightly compressed, 1.2–1.5 × 0.9–1.1 mm, margined or not. |
biseriate or aseriate, flattened, winged or not, orbicular or suborbicular to ovoid; seed coat (smooth or minutely reticulate), mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons accumbent or incumbent. |
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2n | = 32. |
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Alyssum desertorum |
Alyssum |
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Phenology | Flowering Apr–Jul. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Deserts, rocky areas, disturbed sites, roadsides, fields, meadows, sagebrush flats | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 800-2000 m (2600-6600 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; CO; ID; MT; ND; NE; NV; OR; SD; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; SK; Europe; c Asia [Introduced in North America]
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North America; se Europe; Asia; n Africa |
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Discussion | Species ca. 170 (6 in the flora). Alyssum has five introduced and one native species in North America. It is taxonomically difficult and is centered in Turkey and adjacent countries. For the determination of most species, both flowers and mature fruits are needed. Alyssum has been split into nine or more segregates; the segregates are based on the presence of staminal appendages, petal color, and number of ovules per ovary. In the absence of thorough molecular studies on Alyssum and its immediate relatives, it is more practical to delimit the genus broadly, as done here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 248. | FNA vol. 7, p. 247. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Alysseae > Alyssum | Brassicaceae > tribe Alysseae | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Stapf: Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 302. (1886) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 650. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 293. (1754) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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