Alyssum |
Brassicaceae tribe Alysseae |
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alyssum, madwort |
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Habit | Annuals or perennials [biennials, subshrubs]; not scapose; trichomes sessile, stellate, with 2–6 minute basal branches (branches as many as 3–25), rays branched or not, sometimes trichomes simple [lepidote]. | Annuals, biennials, or perennials [shrubs]; eglandular. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, ascending, or decumbent, unbranched or branched. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; basal rosulate or not, petiolate or sessile, blade margins entire; cauline petiolate or sessile, blade (base cuneate or attenuate), margins entire. |
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Cauline leaves | petiolate or sessile; blade base not auriculate, margins usually entire. |
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Trichomes | short-stalked or sessile and stellate, or distinctly stalked and subdendritic or forked, sometimes mixed with simple ones. |
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Racemes | (few- to several-flowered, sometimes corymbose or paniculate). |
ebracteate [bracteate], often elongated in fruit. |
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Flowers | sepals ovate or oblong, lateral pair not saccate; petals yellow or white [rarely pink], suborbicular, spatulate, oblanceolate, linear-oblanceolate, or, obovate (apex obtuse or emarginate); stamens tetradynamous; filaments not winged, uni- or bilaterally winged, appendaged, or toothed; anthers ovate or oblong; nectar glands (4), 1 on each side of lateral stamen, median glands absent; (placentation apical or parietal). |
actinomorphic; sepals erect to spreading, lateral pair seldom saccate basally; petals white or yellow [orange, pink, or purple], claw present, usually distinct; filaments appendaged, winged (toothed), or unappendaged; pollen 3-colpate. |
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Fruiting pedicels | ascending, divaricate, or reflexed, slender or stout. |
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Fruits | sessile, ovate-oblong, obovate, or elliptic [obcordate, rarely globose], usually strongly flattened, latiseptate, rarely inflated; valves each not veined (smooth), pubescent or glabrous; replum (visible), rounded; septum complete, (membranous, translucent, veinless); ovules 1 or 2 [or 4–8] per ovary; stigma capitate. |
silicles, dehiscent, unsegmented, latiseptate or terete; ovules 2–16(–20) per ovary; style distinct; stigma usually entire, rarely 2-lobed. |
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Seeds | biseriate or aseriate, flattened, winged or not, orbicular or suborbicular to ovoid; seed coat (smooth or minutely reticulate), mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons accumbent or incumbent. |
biseriate or aseriate, rarely uniseriate; cotyledons accumbent or incumbent, rarely oblique. |
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Alyssum |
Brassicaceae tribe Alysseae |
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Distribution |
North America; se Europe; Asia; n Africa |
North America; Eurasia; n Africa |
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Discussion | Species ca. 170 (6 in the flora). Alyssum has five introduced and one native species in North America. It is taxonomically difficult and is centered in Turkey and adjacent countries. For the determination of most species, both flowers and mature fruits are needed. Alyssum has been split into nine or more segregates; the segregates are based on the presence of staminal appendages, petal color, and number of ovules per ovary. In the absence of thorough molecular studies on Alyssum and its immediate relatives, it is more practical to delimit the genus broadly, as done here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 13, species ca. 255 (3 genera, 9 species in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 247. | FNA vol. 7, p. 247. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 650. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 293. (1754) | de Candolle: Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 231. (1821) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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