Alyssum |
Alyssum szowitsianum |
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alyssum, madwort |
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Habit | Annuals or perennials [biennials, subshrubs]; not scapose; trichomes sessile, stellate, with 2–6 minute basal branches (branches as many as 3–25), rays branched or not, sometimes trichomes simple [lepidote]. | Annuals; canescent throughout, trichomes appressed, coarse, 8–16-rayed, rays often subequal. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | erect, ascending, or decumbent, unbranched or branched. |
often several from base, erect, ascending, or decumbent, (unbranched or few-branched distally), (0.2–)0.4–1.6(–2) dm. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; basal rosulate or not, petiolate or sessile, blade margins entire; cauline petiolate or sessile, blade (base cuneate or attenuate), margins entire. |
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Cauline leaves | subsessile; blade oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, (0.5–)0.7–1.5(–2) cm × (1–)2–4(–6) mm (gradually smaller distally), base attenuate, apex subacute. |
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Racemes | (few- to several-flowered, sometimes corymbose or paniculate). |
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Flowers | sepals ovate or oblong, lateral pair not saccate; petals yellow or white [rarely pink], suborbicular, spatulate, oblanceolate, linear-oblanceolate, or, obovate (apex obtuse or emarginate); stamens tetradynamous; filaments not winged, uni- or bilaterally winged, appendaged, or toothed; anthers ovate or oblong; nectar glands (4), 1 on each side of lateral stamen, median glands absent; (placentation apical or parietal). |
sepals oblong, 1.2–1.5 × 0.5–0.6 mm, stellate-pubescent (trichomes with longer rays and appearing simple near apex); petals pale yellow, spatulate, 1.7–2 × 0.4–0.5 mm, base abruptly narrowed to claw, apex deeply emarginate, glabrous; filaments: median pairs not toothed, slightly expanded basally, lateral pair with basal appendage to 0.5 × 0.1 mm, often apically 2-toothed, 1.4–1.7 mm; anthers ovate, 0.1–0.2 mm. |
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Fruiting pedicels | ascending, divaricate, or reflexed, slender or stout. |
ascending to suberect, straight, stout, 1–3(–4) mm, trichomes uniformly stellate. |
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Fruits | sessile, ovate-oblong, obovate, or elliptic [obcordate, rarely globose], usually strongly flattened, latiseptate, rarely inflated; valves each not veined (smooth), pubescent or glabrous; replum (visible), rounded; septum complete, (membranous, translucent, veinless); ovules 1 or 2 [or 4–8] per ovary; stigma capitate. |
ovate-oblong, (3–)3.5–5 × (2.5–)3–4 mm, apex obtuse; valves uniformly inflated at middle, broadly flattened at margins, densely stellate-pubescent (rays equal); ovules 2 per ovary; style (slender), 0.3–0.5 mm, basally stellate-pubescent. |
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Seeds | biseriate or aseriate, flattened, winged or not, orbicular or suborbicular to ovoid; seed coat (smooth or minutely reticulate), mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons accumbent or incumbent. |
ovoid, compressed, 1.6–1.9 × 1.2–1.6 mm, margins winglike, 0.1–0.3 mm wide. |
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2n | = 16. |
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Alyssum |
Alyssum szowitsianum |
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Phenology | Flowering May. | |||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Rocky soil | |||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 1500-2000 m (4900-6600 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
North America; se Europe; Asia; n Africa |
UT; sw Asia [Introduced in North America] |
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Discussion | Species ca. 170 (6 in the flora). Alyssum has five introduced and one native species in North America. It is taxonomically difficult and is centered in Turkey and adjacent countries. For the determination of most species, both flowers and mature fruits are needed. Alyssum has been split into nine or more segregates; the segregates are based on the presence of staminal appendages, petal color, and number of ovules per ovary. In the absence of thorough molecular studies on Alyssum and its immediate relatives, it is more practical to delimit the genus broadly, as done here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Alyssum szowitsianum is known in the flora area only from Salt Lake County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 247. | FNA vol. 7, p. 250. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 650. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 293. (1754) | Fischer & C. A. Meyer: Index Seminum (St. Petersburg) 4: 31. (1837) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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