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common marsh-mallow, guimauve officinale, marshmallow

Habit Herbs perennial, to 1.5 m. Stems erect, clustered, branched distally or unbranched, softly stellate-tomentose.
Leaves

stipules somewhat persistent, usually caducous, linear-lanceolate, subulate, sometimes 2-fid or dentate, (2–)5–8 mm, densely stellate-hairy;

petioles 1–6 cm, reduced on distal leaves, usually shorter than blade;

blades of proximal leaves ovate or obscurely 3-lobed less than 1/2 to midrib, distal leaves deltate-ovate to ovate, (2–)4–10 × 2–7 cm, base truncate to cuneate, lobes acuminate or broadly acute to obtuse, middle lobe larger than others, deeply plicate, margins irregularly dentate to crenate-serrate, surfaces softly stellate-tomentose, ribs very prominent abaxially.

Inflorescences

solitary flowers or 2–4-flowered fascicles in leaf axil, sometimes aggregated apically into terminal false racemes.

Pedicels

/peduncles 0.5–4 cm;

involucellar bractlets 8–12, erect, linear-lanceolate, 1/2 length of calyx, 6 mm, lobes 2–6 × 1–2 mm, stellate-tomentose.

Flowers

calyx 8–10 mm, lobes narrowly ovate-acuminate, 6 mm, 2 times as long as tube, stellate-velutinous;

petals usually pale pink, rarely white, cuneate-obovate, 7.5–15 × 6–13 mm, 2–3 times as long as calyx, apex obtuse or notched;

staminal column 3–5 mm, glabrous or sparsely papillose-hairy;

anthers in upper 1/2, dark purple;

style 15–20-branched.

Fruits

partially concealed by incurved, somewhat accrescent calyx lobes, 7–9 mm diam.;

mericarps 15–20, brown, unwinged, orbiculate-reniform, 1.5–2.5 × 2–3 mm, rugose, lateral surface smooth, membranous, dorsal surface stellate-tomentose with medial furrow.

Seeds

brown, reniform-round, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm, glabrous.

2n

= 42.

Althaea officinalis

Phenology Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Wet, disturbed areas, along streams, brackish sand, coastal marshes
Elevation 0–200 m (0–700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; CT; DE; KY; MA; MD; MI; ND; NE; NJ; NY; OH; PA; VA; WI; NB; ON; QC; Eurasia; n Africa [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion

Althaea officinalis is occasionally cultivated for ornament, food (especially for the mucilaginous root sap once used with sugar to make marshmallows), and as a medicine; it occasionally escapes. There are few recent North American collections.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 6, p. 233.
Parent taxa Malvaceae > subfam. Malvoideae > Althaea
Sibling taxa
A. armeniaca, A. cannabina, A. hirsuta
Synonyms A. sublobata, A. taurinensis, Malva officinalis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 686. (1753)
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