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sessile joyweed

joyweed

Habit Herbs, annual or perennial, 2–6 dm. Herbs or subshrubs, annual or perennial.
Stems

procumbent, pubescent in lines, glabrate.

prostrate, decumbent, ascending, erect, or floating, indumentum of simple trichomes.

Leaves

sessile;

blade elliptic to oblong or oblanceolate, 1.2–5 × 0.5–2.2 cm, apex obtuse to acute, glabrous.

opposite, sessile or petiolate;

blade lanceolate to ovate, ovate-rhombic, or obovate-rhombic, margins entire.

Inflorescences

axillary, sessile;

heads white, subglobose or ovoid, 0.5–1.1 cm;

bracts keeled, ca. 1/2 as long as tepals.

axillary or terminal, sessile or pedunculate, several-flowered cylindric spikes or globose heads, without immediately subtending leaves;

bracts and bracteoles scarious.

Flowers

tepals white, ovate to lanceolate, 2–3.5 mm, apex acuminate, hairs not barbed;

stamens 5;

anthers 3–5, globose;

pseudostaminodes subulate, margins laciniate.

bisexual;

tepals 5, distinct;

stamens 3–5;

filaments connate basally into tube or short cup;

pseudostaminodes 5, alternating with stamens;

ovule 1;

style 1, ca. 0.2 mm;

stigma capitate or rarely 2-lobed.

Seeds

lenticular, 0.9–1.1 mm.

1, reddish brown, lenticular or ovoid-oblong.

Utricles

included within tepals, sides exerted in mature fruit, greenish stramineous, obcordate, 1.3–1.7 mm, apex retuse.

compressed, ovoid or obovoid, indehiscence.

Alternanthera sessilis

Alternanthera

Phenology Flowering summer–early fall.
Habitat Wet disturbed areas
Elevation 0-20 m (0-100 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
Mexico; South America; West Indies; Central America (Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama); Africa; Asia [Introduced, Ala., Fla., Ga., La.]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Primarily American tropics and subtropics; some in Asia; Africa; and Australia
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Alternanthera sessilis is reported from Maryland, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Texas, but I have seen no specimens from these states.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 80 (9 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescences pedunculate, terminal and axillary
→ 2
1. Inflorescences sessile, axillary
→ 4
2. Bracts not keeled; tepals glabrous
A. philoxeroides
2. Bracts keeled; tepals pilose
→ 3
3. Bracts shorter than to equaling tepals
A. brasiliana
3. Bracts less than 1/2 as long as tepals
A. flavescens
4. Pseudostaminode margins fimbriate; anthers 5, oblong
→ 5
4. Pseudostaminode margins laciniate, dentate or, entire; anthers 3-5, globose
→ 6
5. Tepals rigid, margins coriaceous, glabrous; leaves succulent
A. maritima
5. Tepals not rigid, margins chartaceous, pilose or hispid; leaves not succulent
A. ficoidea
6. Tepals monomorphic, hairs not barbed
→ 7
6. Tepals dimorphic, hairs barbed
→ 8
7. Mature fruit exerted between tepals
A. sessilis
7. Mature fruit included within tepals
A. paronychioides
8. Tepals 5-7 mm, sparsely villous; leaf blades usually as broad as long; pseudostaminode margins dentate
A. pungens
8. Tepals 3-5 mm, densely villous; leaf blades longer than broad; pseudostaminode margins usually entire
A. caracasana
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 450. FNA vol. 4, p. 447. Author: Steven E. Clemants.
Parent taxa Amaranthaceae > Alternanthera Amaranthaceae
Sibling taxa
A. brasiliana, A. caracasana, A. ficoidea, A. flavescens, A. maritima, A. paronychioides, A. philoxeroides, A. pungens
Subordinate taxa
A. brasiliana, A. caracasana, A. ficoidea, A. flavescens, A. maritima, A. paronychioides, A. philoxeroides, A. pungens, A. sessilis
Synonyms Gomphrena sessilis
Name authority (Linnaeus) R. Brown ex de Candolle: Cat. Pl. Hort. Monsp., 77. (1813) Forsskål: Fl. Aegypt.-Arab., 28. (1775)
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