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creeping chaffweed, khaki joyweed, khakiweed

joyweed

Habit Herbs, perennial, 3–8 dm. Herbs or subshrubs, annual or perennial.
Stems

prostrate, villous.

prostrate, decumbent, ascending, erect, or floating, indumentum of simple trichomes.

Leaves

sessile;

blade oval to obovate, usually as broad as long, 1.3–3 × 1.1–1.7 cm, apex rounded, pilose, glabrate.

opposite, sessile or petiolate;

blade lanceolate to ovate, ovate-rhombic, or obovate-rhombic, margins entire.

Inflorescences

axillary, sessile;

heads stramineous, globose to ovoid, 0.6–1 × 0.6–0.7 cm;

bracts equaling tepals, apex attenuate.

axillary or terminal, sessile or pedunculate, several-flowered cylindric spikes or globose heads, without immediately subtending leaves;

bracts and bracteoles scarious.

Flowers

tepals dimorphic, stramineous, lanceolate, 5–7 mm, apex acuminate, spinose tipped, sparsely villous, hairs barbed;

stamens 5;

anthers 3–5, globose;

pseudostaminodes triangular, shorter than filaments, margins dentate.

bisexual;

tepals 5, distinct;

stamens 3–5;

filaments connate basally into tube or short cup;

pseudostaminodes 5, alternating with stamens;

ovule 1;

style 1, ca. 0.2 mm;

stigma capitate or rarely 2-lobed.

Seeds

lenticular, 1.3–1.5 mm.

1, reddish brown, lenticular or ovoid-oblong.

Utricles

included within tepals, brown, compressed, 1.8 mm, apex truncate.

compressed, ovoid or obovoid, indehiscence.

Alternanthera pungens

Alternanthera

Phenology Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Waste grounds, cleared limestone areas
Elevation 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; LA; NY; TX; South America; West Indies [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Primarily American tropics and subtropics; some in Asia; Africa; and Australia
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Alternanthera pungens was long known as A. repens (Linnaeus) Link, a later homonym of A. repens J. F. Gmelin.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 80 (9 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Inflorescences pedunculate, terminal and axillary
→ 2
1. Inflorescences sessile, axillary
→ 4
2. Bracts not keeled; tepals glabrous
A. philoxeroides
2. Bracts keeled; tepals pilose
→ 3
3. Bracts shorter than to equaling tepals
A. brasiliana
3. Bracts less than 1/2 as long as tepals
A. flavescens
4. Pseudostaminode margins fimbriate; anthers 5, oblong
→ 5
4. Pseudostaminode margins laciniate, dentate or, entire; anthers 3-5, globose
→ 6
5. Tepals rigid, margins coriaceous, glabrous; leaves succulent
A. maritima
5. Tepals not rigid, margins chartaceous, pilose or hispid; leaves not succulent
A. ficoidea
6. Tepals monomorphic, hairs not barbed
→ 7
6. Tepals dimorphic, hairs barbed
→ 8
7. Mature fruit exerted between tepals
A. sessilis
7. Mature fruit included within tepals
A. paronychioides
8. Tepals 5-7 mm, sparsely villous; leaf blades usually as broad as long; pseudostaminode margins dentate
A. pungens
8. Tepals 3-5 mm, densely villous; leaf blades longer than broad; pseudostaminode margins usually entire
A. caracasana
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 450. FNA vol. 4, p. 447. Author: Steven E. Clemants.
Parent taxa Amaranthaceae > Alternanthera Amaranthaceae
Sibling taxa
A. brasiliana, A. caracasana, A. ficoidea, A. flavescens, A. maritima, A. paronychioides, A. philoxeroides, A. sessilis
Subordinate taxa
A. brasiliana, A. caracasana, A. ficoidea, A. flavescens, A. maritima, A. paronychioides, A. philoxeroides, A. pungens, A. sessilis
Synonyms Achyranthes leiantha
Name authority Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 206. (1818) Forsskål: Fl. Aegypt.-Arab., 28. (1775)
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