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alligator weed, pig weed

creeping chaffweed, khaki joyweed, khakiweed

Habit Herbs, perennial, aquatic to semiterrestrial, stoloniferous, to 50 dm. Herbs, perennial, 3–8 dm.
Stems

prostrate, forming mats, often fistulose, glabrous.

prostrate, villous.

Leaves

sessile;

blade narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 3.5–7.1 × 0.5–2 cm, herbaceous, apex acute to obtuse, glabrous.

sessile;

blade oval to obovate, usually as broad as long, 1.3–3 × 1.1–1.7 cm, apex rounded, pilose, glabrate.

Inflorescences

terminal and axillary, pedunculate;

heads white, globose, 1.4–1.7 cm diam.;

bracts not keeled, less than 1/2 as long as tepals.

axillary, sessile;

heads stramineous, globose to ovoid, 0.6–1 × 0.6–0.7 cm;

bracts equaling tepals, apex attenuate.

Flowers

tepals monomorphic, white, lanceolate or oblong, 6 mm, apex acute, glabrous;

stamens 5;

pseudostaminodes ligulate.

tepals dimorphic, stramineous, lanceolate, 5–7 mm, apex acuminate, spinose tipped, sparsely villous, hairs barbed;

stamens 5;

anthers 3–5, globose;

pseudostaminodes triangular, shorter than filaments, margins dentate.

Seeds

not seen.

lenticular, 1.3–1.5 mm.

Utricles

not seen.

included within tepals, brown, compressed, 1.8 mm, apex truncate.

Alternanthera philoxeroides

Alternanthera pungens

Phenology Flowering early spring–summer. Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Ponds, ditches, streams, bayous Waste grounds, cleared limestone areas
Elevation 0-200 m (0-700 ft) 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MS; NC; SC; TN; TX; VA; West Indies; native to South America [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; LA; NY; TX; South America; West Indies [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Alternanthera philoxerioides is said to reproduce only vegetatively in North America. I have seen no fruit or seed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Alternanthera pungens was long known as A. repens (Linnaeus) Link, a later homonym of A. repens J. F. Gmelin.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 448. FNA vol. 4, p. 450.
Parent taxa Amaranthaceae > Alternanthera Amaranthaceae > Alternanthera
Sibling taxa
A. brasiliana, A. caracasana, A. ficoidea, A. flavescens, A. maritima, A. paronychioides, A. pungens, A. sessilis
A. brasiliana, A. caracasana, A. ficoidea, A. flavescens, A. maritima, A. paronychioides, A. philoxeroides, A. sessilis
Synonyms Bucholzia philoxeroides, Achyranthes philoxeroides Achyranthes leiantha
Name authority (Martius) Grisebach: Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 36. (1879) Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 206. (1818)
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