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alligator weed, pig weed

yellow joyweed

Habit Herbs, perennial, aquatic to semiterrestrial, stoloniferous, to 50 dm. Herbs, perennial, 6–15 dm.
Stems

prostrate, forming mats, often fistulose, glabrous.

ascending to spreading, often clambering, pubescent, glabrate.

Leaves

sessile;

blade narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 3.5–7.1 × 0.5–2 cm, herbaceous, apex acute to obtuse, glabrous.

sessile;

blade ovate to lanceolate or elliptic, 1.8–8 × 0.5–3 cm, herbaceous, apex long-acuminate or acute, sparsely strigose or glabrous.

Inflorescences

terminal and axillary, pedunculate;

heads white, globose, 1.4–1.7 cm diam.;

bracts not keeled, less than 1/2 as long as tepals.

terminal and axillary, pedunculate;

heads yellowish white, subglobose to cylindric, 0.9–2.5(–4) × 0.9–1 cm;

bracts keeled, less than 1/2 as long as tepals.

Flowers

tepals monomorphic, white, lanceolate or oblong, 6 mm, apex acute, glabrous;

stamens 5;

pseudostaminodes ligulate.

tepals monomorphic, green, lanceolate, 3.4–4.7 mm, apex acute, villous, hairs not barbed;

stamens 5;

pseudostaminodes ligulate, margins laciniate.

Seeds

not seen.

ovoid, 1.2–1.3 mm.

Utricles

not seen.

included within tepals, greenish yellow, ellipsoid, 2.5 mm, apex acute.

Alternanthera philoxeroides

Alternanthera flavescens

Phenology Flowering early spring–summer. Flowering year-round.
Habitat Ponds, ditches, streams, bayous Coastal hammocks, thickets, sand bars
Elevation 0-200 m (0-700 ft) 0 m (0 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MS; NC; SC; TN; TX; VA; West Indies; native to South America [Introduced in North America]
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; Mexico; South America; West Indies [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Alternanthera philoxerioides is said to reproduce only vegetatively in North America. I have seen no fruit or seed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Alternanthera flavescens has long been known as A. ramosissima (Martius) Standley.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 448. FNA vol. 4, p. 448.
Parent taxa Amaranthaceae > Alternanthera Amaranthaceae > Alternanthera
Sibling taxa
A. brasiliana, A. caracasana, A. ficoidea, A. flavescens, A. maritima, A. paronychioides, A. pungens, A. sessilis
A. brasiliana, A. caracasana, A. ficoidea, A. maritima, A. paronychioides, A. philoxeroides, A. pungens, A. sessilis
Synonyms Bucholzia philoxeroides, Achyranthes philoxeroides Achyranthes ramosissima, A. ramosissima
Name authority (Martius) Grisebach: Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 36. (1879) Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 207. (1818)
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