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alligator weed, pig weed

washerwoman

Habit Herbs, perennial, aquatic to semiterrestrial, stoloniferous, to 50 dm. Herbs, perennial, 1–5 dm.
Stems

prostrate, forming mats, often fistulose, glabrous.

prostrate to procumbent, villous, glabrate.

Leaves

sessile;

blade narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 3.5–7.1 × 0.5–2 cm, herbaceous, apex acute to obtuse, glabrous.

sessile;

blade rhombic-ovate, oval, or obovate, usually longer than broad, 0.5–2.5 × 0.3–1.5 cm, apex rounded, apiculate, sparsely villous, glabrate.

Inflorescences

terminal and axillary, pedunculate;

heads white, globose, 1.4–1.7 cm diam.;

bracts not keeled, less than 1/2 as long as tepals.

axillary, sessile;

heads white to stramineous, ovoid, 0.5–0.8 × 0.4–0.6 cm;

bracts shorter than tepals, apex long-attenuate, aristate.

Flowers

tepals monomorphic, white, lanceolate or oblong, 6 mm, apex acute, glabrous;

stamens 5;

pseudostaminodes ligulate.

tepals dimorphic, whitish to stramineous, lanceolate, 3–5 mm, apex acuminate, spinose tipped, densely villous, hairs barbed;

stamens 5;

pseudostaminodes triangular or subulate, shorter than filaments, margins usually entire, rarely dentate.

Seeds

not seen.

ovate-orbiculate, 1–1.5 mm.

Utricles

not seen.

included within tepals, brown, ovoid-orbicular, 1.5 mm, apex slightly truncate.

Alternanthera philoxeroides

Alternanthera caracasana

Phenology Flowering early spring–summer. Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Ponds, ditches, streams, bayous Gravel, sand bars, sidewalks
Elevation 0-200 m (0-700 ft) 0-2000 m (0-6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MS; NC; SC; TN; TX; VA; West Indies; native to South America [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; NM; OK; SC; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Alternanthera philoxerioides is said to reproduce only vegetatively in North America. I have seen no fruit or seed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 448. FNA vol. 4, p. 451.
Parent taxa Amaranthaceae > Alternanthera Amaranthaceae > Alternanthera
Sibling taxa
A. brasiliana, A. caracasana, A. ficoidea, A. flavescens, A. maritima, A. paronychioides, A. pungens, A. sessilis
A. brasiliana, A. ficoidea, A. flavescens, A. maritima, A. paronychioides, A. philoxeroides, A. pungens, A. sessilis
Synonyms Bucholzia philoxeroides, Achyranthes philoxeroides A. peploides
Name authority (Martius) Grisebach: Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 36. (1879) Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 205. (1818)
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