Alternanthera philoxeroides |
Alternanthera |
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alligator weed, pig weed |
joyweed |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, aquatic to semiterrestrial, stoloniferous, to 50 dm. | Herbs or subshrubs, annual or perennial. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | prostrate, forming mats, often fistulose, glabrous. |
prostrate, decumbent, ascending, erect, or floating, indumentum of simple trichomes. |
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Leaves | sessile; blade narrowly elliptic, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 3.5–7.1 × 0.5–2 cm, herbaceous, apex acute to obtuse, glabrous. |
opposite, sessile or petiolate; blade lanceolate to ovate, ovate-rhombic, or obovate-rhombic, margins entire. |
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Inflorescences | terminal and axillary, pedunculate; heads white, globose, 1.4–1.7 cm diam.; bracts not keeled, less than 1/2 as long as tepals. |
axillary or terminal, sessile or pedunculate, several-flowered cylindric spikes or globose heads, without immediately subtending leaves; bracts and bracteoles scarious. |
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Flowers | tepals monomorphic, white, lanceolate or oblong, 6 mm, apex acute, glabrous; stamens 5; pseudostaminodes ligulate. |
bisexual; tepals 5, distinct; stamens 3–5; filaments connate basally into tube or short cup; pseudostaminodes 5, alternating with stamens; ovule 1; style 1, ca. 0.2 mm; stigma capitate or rarely 2-lobed. |
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Seeds | not seen. |
1, reddish brown, lenticular or ovoid-oblong. |
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Utricles | not seen. |
compressed, ovoid or obovoid, indehiscence. |
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Alternanthera philoxeroides |
Alternanthera |
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Phenology | Flowering early spring–summer. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitat | Ponds, ditches, streams, bayous | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Elevation | 0-200 m (0-700 ft) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; FL; GA; IL; KY; LA; MS; NC; SC; TN; TX; VA; West Indies; native to South America [Introduced in North America]
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Primarily American tropics and subtropics; some in Asia; Africa; and Australia |
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Discussion | Alternanthera philoxerioides is said to reproduce only vegetatively in North America. I have seen no fruit or seed. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species ca. 80 (9 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 4, p. 448. | FNA vol. 4, p. 447. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Amaranthaceae > Alternanthera | Amaranthaceae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Bucholzia philoxeroides, Achyranthes philoxeroides | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Martius) Grisebach: Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 36. (1879) | Forsskål: Fl. Aegypt.-Arab., 28. (1775) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |