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aloe

aloe vera, Barbados aloe, common aloe

Habit Plants succulent, shrubby or arborescent, scapose. Plants short-stemmed, woody-based, stoloniferous.
Stems

erect, clambering or ascending, branched or not.

to 50 cm; scarious leaf sheaths persistent.

Leaves

succulent, crowded, often rosulate or distichous;

blade margins spiny-toothed or entire.

alternate, rosulate to distichous, 10–50 × 10–70 cm;

blade glaucous-green to variegated with small white or glaucous dots, irregular bands, or blotches, often reddish near apex or margins, lanceolate to ensate, tapering from base to apex, glabrous, margins green, spiny-toothed, teeth 1–1.5 cm apart.

Inflorescences

axillary or terminal, paniculate to more often racemose, dense, bracteate.

terminal, usually unbranched, racemose, 10–15 dm, usually covered with scalelike bracts;

racemes cylindrical, dense, 0.5 m;

bracts glabrous or puberulent, with 3 prominent purple veins that are confluent at tips.

Flowers

usually nodding;

perianth red to yellow;

tepals connate basally to almost entirely into tube;

stamens 3 or 6;

style slender;

pedicel not articulate.

perianth yellow;

tepals prominently 3-veined, connate basally for 1/2 their length, lobes broadly linear to oblong-lanceolate, apex rounded;

stamens 6, included to slightly exserted, slightly unequal;

filaments 2–2.5 cm;

anthers 2.5–4 mm;

style usually exserted;

stigmas not expanded;

pedicel 2.2–3.3 cm.

Capsules

papery to woody.

somewhat elongate.

x

= 7.

2n

= 14.

Aloe

Aloe vera

Phenology Flowering spring–winter, occasionally at other times.
Habitat Hammocks, sandy areas, roadsides, and similar places in full sun
Elevation 0 and 1300 m [0 and 4300 ft]
Distribution
map from USDA
primarily s and tropical Africa; also Madagascar; Arabian peninsula; and Atlantic islands (Madeira, Canary, and Cape Verde); naturalized in the Mediterranean region; India; and China [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
map from FNA
AZ; FL; TX; Mediterranean region and Atlantic islands (Canary, Madeira, and Cape Verde) [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 300 or more (2 in the flora).

Aloe saponaria (Aiton) Haworth, distinguished by its yellow sap and glaucous red flowers with yellow throats, is cultivated in the southwestern United States and has been observed to escape. Apparently it persists only when supplementary water is available.

Etymology: Arabic alloeh, a name for these or similar plants

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

This is the aloe of commerce and source of bitter aloe. Most of the world’s supply is grown in southern Texas and adjacent northwestern Mexico and the West Indies. The species is thought to be native to the Atlantic islands and is widely used as an indoor ornamental. It is often cultivated outdoors in the southwestern United States, where it occasionally escapes.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Parent taxa Aloaceae Aloaceae > Aloe
Sibling taxa
A. ×schonlandii
Subordinate taxa
A. vera, A. ×schonlandii
Key
1. Perianth yellow; inflorescences unbranched or rarely branched; leaf blade margins green.
A. vera
1. Perianth red; inflorescences divided distally into 5–10 arching branches; leaf blade margins narrowly whitish.
A. ×schonlandii
Synonyms A. perfoliata var. vera, A. barbadensis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 319. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 150. (1754) (Linnaeus) Burman f.: Fl. Indica, 83. (1768)
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 410. Treatment authors: Walter C. Holmes, Heather L. White. FNA vol. 26, p. 411. Treatment authors: Walter C. Holmes, Heather L. White.
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