Alnus rhombifolia |
Alnus oblongifolia |
|
---|---|---|
California alder, white alder |
aliso (Mexico), Arizona alder, New Mexican alder, oblong leaf alder |
|
Habit | Trees, to 35 m; trunks often several, crowns spreading, open. | Trees, to 30 m; trunks often several, crowns spreading. |
Bark | light gray, smooth, becoming darker and breaking into scales in age; lenticels inconspicuous. |
dark gray, smooth, becoming blackish and breaking into shallow vertical plates in age; lenticels inconspicuous. |
Leaf | blade narrowly elliptic to rhombic, rarely ovate, 4–9 × 2–5 cm, base cuneate to rounded, margins flat, finely serrate or serrulate, sometimes slightly lobed, without noticeably larger secondary teeth, apex acute or obtuse to rounded; surfaces abaxially sparsely pubescent to villous. |
blade narrowly ovate or lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, 5–9 × 3–6 cm, leathery, base narrowly to broadly cuneate or narrowly rounded, margins flat, sharply and coarsely doubly serrate, rarely evenly and densely short-serrate, major teeth sharp, acuminate, secondary teeth distinctly larger, apex long to short-acuminate, rarely acute; surfaces abaxially glabrous to sparsely pubescent or infrequently villous, moderately resin-coated. |
Inflorescences | formed season before flowering and exposed during winter; staminate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 3–7, 3–10 cm, stamens 2, or 4 with 2 reduced in size; pistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2–6. |
formed season before flowering and exposed during winter; staminate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 3–6, 3.5–10 cm; pistillate catkins in 1 or more clusters of 2–7. |
Infructescences | ovoid to nearly cylindric, 1–2.2 × 0.7–1 cm; peduncles 1–10 mm. |
ovoid, ellipsoid, or nearly cylindric, 1–2.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm; peduncles 5–10 mm. |
Winter | buds stipitate, ellipsoid to obovoid, 3–9 mm, apex rounded; stalks 3–5 mm; scales 2, equal, valvate, sometimes incompletely covering underlying leaves, moderately to heavily resin-coated. |
buds stipitate, ovoid, 4–8 mm, apex rounded; stalks 1.5–4 mm; scales 2, equal, valvate, sometimes incompletely covering underlying leaves, moderately resin-coated. |
Flowering | before new growth in spring. |
before new growth in spring. |
Samaras | broadly elliptic, wings narrower than body, irregular in shape, leathery. |
elliptic to obovate, wings narrower than body, irregular in shape, leathery. |
Alnus rhombifolia |
Alnus oblongifolia |
|
Phenology | Flowering early spring. | Flowering early spring. |
Habitat | Open, rocky stream banks and adjacent (often rather dry) slopes | Sandy or rocky stream banks and moist slopes, often in mountain canyons |
Elevation | 100–2400 m (300–7900 ft) | 1000–2300 m (3300–7500 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; MT; OR; WA
|
AZ; NM; Mexico (n Chihuahua and n Sonora)
|
Discussion | Alnus rhombifolia is the common alder throughout the dry Mediterranean climatic zone of coastal western United States. Mexican populations are not known, but because A. rhombifolia has been collected as far south as San Diego, California, it should be expected in adjacent Baja California. Native Americans used various parts of Alnus rhombifolia medicinally for diarrhea, consumption, and burns, as a blood purifier, an emetic, and a wash for babies with skin diseases, and to facilitate childbirth (D. E. Moerman 1986). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Alnus oblongifolia is closely related to the Mexican and Central American A. acuminata, with which it has sometimes been confused. It is found only in scattered populations in the temperate deciduous forest vegetation zone of high mountains in the arid Southwest. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Betulaceae > subfam. Betuloideae > Alnus | Betulaceae > subfam. Betuloideae > Alnus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | A. rhombifolia var. bernardina | |
Name authority | Nuttall: N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 49. (1842) | Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2: 204. (1859) |
Web links |
|