Aira caryophyllea |
Aira |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common silver-hairgrass, silver hair grass, silvery hairgrass |
hairgrass |
|||||||||||||
Habit | Plants annual; tufted. | Plants annual; tufted. | ||||||||||||
Culms | 4.5-55 cm, erect. |
1-55 cm, erect to decumbent. |
||||||||||||
Sheaths | scabridulous, occasionally smooth; ligules 1.2-8 mm, abaxial surfaces scabridulous, acute to subobtuse, becoming lacerate; blades 0.3-13.5 cm long, 0.3-2.5 mm wide, antrorsely scabridulous, glabrous, apices prow-tipped. |
|||||||||||||
Leaves | cauline; sheaths open for most of their length, glabrous, usually scabridulous, occasionally smooth; auricles absent; ligules membranous; blades of the uppermost leaves greatly reduced. |
|||||||||||||
Panicles | 1.2-13.5 cm long, 1.5-10 cm wide, open; primary branches to 7.3 cm, ascending to divergent, antrorsely scabridulous, occasionally smooth; pedicels 0.9-11.3 mm, apices enlarged. |
|||||||||||||
Inflorescences | open or contracted panicles, sometimes spikelike, with more than 1 spikelet associated with most nodes; branches longer than 5 mm, capillary, appressed to strongly divergent; pedicels capillary, appressed to divergent. |
|||||||||||||
Spikelets | 1.7-3.3(3.5) mm, silvery-green to stramineous or purplish; rachillas usually not prolonged beyond the base of the distal floret, sometimes prolonged, vestigial. |
1.5-3.8 mm, laterally compressed, with 2 bisexual florets, both usually awned, the lower floret sometimes unawned, occasionally both unawned; rachillas glabrous, lowest segments about 0.2 mm, florets appearing opposite, usually not or scarcely extended beyond the base of the distal floret; disarticulation above the glumes and beneath the florets. |
||||||||||||
Glumes | subequal to equal, 1.3-3.3(3.5) mm, scabridulous on the upper 1/2; callus hairs 0.2-0.4 mm; lemmas 1.3-2.6 mm, apices bifid, sometimes only the upper lemma awned, awns 2.1-3.9 mm, straight or geniculate; paleas 0.9-1.7 mm; anthers 0.2-0.5 mm. |
equal to subequal, longer than the florets, membranous, 1-3-veined, unawned; calluses puberulent; lemmas subcoriaceous, glabrous, scabridulous, 5-veined, apices bifid, awned or unawned, awns attached below midlength, usually geniculate, sometimes straight; paleas membranous, 2-veined; lodicules 2, free; anthers 3; ovaries glabrous. |
||||||||||||
Caryopses | 0.9-1.5 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide, abaxial surfaces grooved in the distal 1/2, adaxial surfaces grooved the entire length. |
shorter than the lemmas, concealed at maturity, adhering to the lemmas and/or paleas, longitudinally grooved, dorsally compressed, x = 7. |
||||||||||||
2n | = 14. |
|||||||||||||
Aira caryophyllea |
Aira |
|||||||||||||
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; ID; IL; IN; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WY; HI; BC; NS; YT
|
AK; AL; AR; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; ID; IL; IN; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WA; WY; HI; BC; NS; YT |
||||||||||||
Discussion | Aira caryophyllea is native to Eurasia and Africa; it has become established in the Flora region, primarily on the Pacific, Gulf, and Atlantic coasts, and through much of the southeastern United States. It is usually found in disturbed areas, in vernally moist to dry, sandy to rocky, open sites, from sea level to subalpine elevations. It sometimes invades lawns or rock gardens. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Aira is a genus of eight species; two have been introduced into the Flora region. All members of the genus are native to temperate Europe and the Mediterranean region, North Africa, and western Asia. Frequently adventive, they are now widespread outside of their native range as weeds, although they are not considered particularly troublesome. They have little forage value because most are delicate, with extremely small leaves. All the species grow in open, disturbed places on usually dry, occasionally mesic, sandy to rocky soils. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||
Key |
|
|
||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 615. | FNA vol. 24, p. 615. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Aira | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae | ||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Name authority | L. | L | ||||||||||||
Web links |
|
|