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agrostide stolonifere, carpet bentgrass, creeping bent, creeping bentgrass, fiorin, redtop, spreading bent

agrostide de Mertens, Merten's bentgrass, northern bent, northern bentgrass

Habit Plants perennial; stoloniferous, stolons 5-100+ cm, rooting at the nodes, often forming a dense mat, without rhizomes. Plants perennial; cespitose, not rhizomatous or stoloniferous.
Culms

(8)15-60 cm, erect from a geniculate base, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes, with (2)4-7 nodes.

(5)10-40 cm, erect, with 2-4 nodes.

Leaves

mostly cauline;

sheaths smooth;

ligules longer than wide, dorsal surfaces usually scabrous, rarely smooth, apices usually rounded, acute to truncate, erose to lacerate, basal ligules 0.7-4 mm, upper ligules 3-7.5 mm;

blades 2-10 cm long, 2-6 mm wide, flat.

mostly basal or basal and cauline, basal leaves persistent;

sheaths smooth or scabrous;

ligules 0.7-3.3 mm, scabridulous or smooth, usually rounded, sometimes acute or truncate, erose, sometimes lacerate;

blades 2.5-13 cm long, 0.5-3 mm wide, usually flat, occasionally involute or folded.

Panicles

(3)4-20 cm long, less than 1/2 the length of the culm, 0.5-3(6) cm wide, narrowly contracted, dense, oblong to lanceolate, exserted from the sheaths at maturity, lowest node with 1-7 branches;

branches scabrous, ascending to appressed, except briefly spreading during anthesis, usually some branches at each node spikelet-bearing to the base, lower branches 2-6 cm;

pedicels 0.3-3.3 mm.

(2)3-10 cm long, (0.5)1.5-5 cm wide, widely ovate to lanceolate, usually open, exserted from the upper sheaths at maturity, lowest node with (1)2-5 branches;

branches erect, not capillary, readily visible, smooth or sparsely scabridulous, branched above midlength, spikelets in the distal 1/2 or beyond, lower branches (1.5)2-4 cm;

pedicels 0.4-6.4 mm.

Spikelets

lanceolate, green and slightly to strongly suffused with purple.

lanceolate to narrowly ovate, dark brown or purplish.

Glumes

subequal to unequal, 1.6-3 mm, lanceolate, 1-veined, sometimes scabridulous distally, at least on the midvein, acute to acuminate or apiculate;

callus hairs to 0.5 mm, sparse;

lemmas 1.4-2 mm, opaque to translucent, smooth, 5-veined, veins obscure or prominent distally, apices acute to obtuse, entire or the veins excurrent to about 0.1 mm, usually unawned, rarely with a subapical straight awn to about 1 mm;

paleas 0.7-1.4 mm, veins visible;

anthers 3, 0.9-1.4 mm.

subequal, 2-4 mm, elliptical to lanceolate, midveins scabrous to scabridulous, at least distally, 1-veined, acute;

callus hairs to 0.4 mm, sparse;

lemmas 1.6-2.6 mm, smooth or scabridulous, translucent to opaque, 5-veined, veins prominent to obscure, apices acute, entire or erose, awned from just below midlength, awns (2)3-4.4 mm, geniculate, exserted, persistent;

paleas absent, or to 0.1 mm and thin;

anthers 3, 0.5-0.8 mm, usually shed at anthesis.

Caryopses

0.9-1.3 mm;

endosperm solid.

1.4-2 mm;

endosperm solid.

2n

= 28, 35,42.

= 56 [reports of 2n = 42 are for Agrostis scabra].

Agrostis stolonifera

Agrostis mertensii

Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; HI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; Greenland
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CO; ME; MT; NC; NH; NY; SC; TN; UT; VA; VT; WA; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Agrostis stolonifera grows in areas that are often temporarily flooded, such as lakesides, marshes, salt marshes, lawns, and damp fields, as well as moist meadows, forest openings, and along streams. It will also colonize disturbed sites such as ditches, clearcuts, and overgrazed pastures. Its North American range extends from the subarctic into Mexico, mostly at low to middle elevations.

Agrostis stolonifera has been confused with A. gigantea (see previous). It is considered to be Eurasian, but some northern salt marsh and lakeside populations may be native. Agrostis stolonifera is also similar to A. castellana (p. 639); it differs in having longer, acute to truncate ligules that are longer than wide, and in possessing extensive stolons. The names A. palustris Huds. and A. maritima Lam. have been applied to plants with longer stolons; all forms intergrade. A hybrid between A. stolonifera and Polypogon monspeliensis, xAgropogon lutosus (p. 668), has been found in the Flora region. It differs from A. stolonifera in having awned glumes and lemmas. Agrostis stolonifera readily hybridizes with A. vinealis (see below), the hybrids being somewhat intermediate between the two parents.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Agrostis mertensii grows on banks and gravel bars in river and lake valleys, and on open grasslands and rocky slopes of mountains and cliffs. It has a circumboreal distribution. In the Flora region, it extends from Alaska across Canada to Newfoundland and Greenland, south in the mountains to Wyoming and Colorado in the west, and West Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina in the east. It also grows in arctic Europe, Scandinavia, the mountainous regions of Mexico, and northwestern South America, where some unusually robust specimens have been somewhat dubiously referred to this species.

Agrostis mertensii is frequently confused with dwarf, awned forms of A. scabra (p. 646), but has larger spikelets, more culm nodes, larger anthers, slightly wider, flatter leaves, and panicles that are less expanded and less than lh the culm length. Agrostis mertensii is also often confused with A. idahoensis (p. 649), but A. mertensii tends to grow in better-drained habitats. Agrostis mertensii differs from A. anadyrensis (see next) in being less robust, having narrower, less abundant basal leaves, smaller panicles, and minor differences in the insertion of the awns on the lemmas. In addition, the panicle branches are smooth to weakly scabrous, contrasting with the branches of A. anadyrensis, which are strongly scabrous, with long acicules throughout their length.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 24, p. 641. FNA vol. 24, p. 644.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Agrostis Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Agrostis
Sibling taxa
A. anadyrensis, A. blasdalei, A. canina, A. capillaris, A. castellana, A. clavata, A. densiflora, A. elliottiana, A. exarata, A. gigantea, A. hallii, A. hendersonii, A. hooveri, A. howellii, A. hyemalis, A. idahoensis, A. mertensii, A. microphylla, A. nebulosa, A. oregonensis, A. pallens, A. perennans, A. rossiae, A. scabra, A. tolucensis, A. variabilis, A. vinealis
A. anadyrensis, A. blasdalei, A. canina, A. capillaris, A. castellana, A. clavata, A. densiflora, A. elliottiana, A. exarata, A. gigantea, A. hallii, A. hendersonii, A. hooveri, A. howellii, A. hyemalis, A. idahoensis, A. microphylla, A. nebulosa, A. oregonensis, A. pallens, A. perennans, A. rossiae, A. scabra, A. stolonifera, A. tolucensis, A. variabilis, A. vinealis
Synonyms A. stolonifera var. palustris, A. stolonifera var. compacta, A. palustris, A. maritima, A. alba var. stolonifera, A. alba var. palustris, A. alba forma aristigera A. rupestris, A. mertensii subsp. borealis, A. borealis
Name authority L Trin.
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