Agrostis stolonifera |
Agrostis clavata |
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agrostide stolonifere, carpet bentgrass, creeping bent, creeping bentgrass, fiorin, redtop, spreading bent |
clavate bent |
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Habit | Plants perennial; stoloniferous, stolons 5-100+ cm, rooting at the nodes, often forming a dense mat, without rhizomes. | Plants annuals or short-lived perennials; densely tufted, not rhizomatous or stoloniferous. |
Culms | (8)15-60 cm, erect from a geniculate base, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes, with (2)4-7 nodes. |
30-70 cm, erect, smooth, with 3-6 nodes. |
Leaves | mostly cauline; sheaths smooth; ligules longer than wide, dorsal surfaces usually scabrous, rarely smooth, apices usually rounded, acute to truncate, erose to lacerate, basal ligules 0.7-4 mm, upper ligules 3-7.5 mm; blades 2-10 cm long, 2-6 mm wide, flat. |
mostly basal or basal and cauline; sheaths smooth; ligules (0.5) 1.5-4.2 mm, dorsal surfaces scabrous, apices truncate to rounded, erose-lacerate, often ciliolate; blades 10-20 cm long, 1-5(7) mm wide, flat, scabrous at least along the margins and/or veins. |
Panicles | (3)4-20 cm long, less than 1/2 the length of the culm, 0.5-3(6) cm wide, narrowly contracted, dense, oblong to lanceolate, exserted from the sheaths at maturity, lowest node with 1-7 branches; branches scabrous, ascending to appressed, except briefly spreading during anthesis, usually some branches at each node spikelet-bearing to the base, lower branches 2-6 cm; pedicels 0.3-3.3 mm. |
8-35 cm long, 3-10 cm wide, widely ovate, becoming lax, open, usually exserted, bases sometimes enclosed in the upper sheaths at maturity, lowest node with (1)2-8 branches; branches scabrous, spreading, branched above midlength, spikelet-bearing in the distal 1/2 - 2/3, lower branches 3-12 cm; pedicels 0.5-5.5 mm, clavate; secondary panicles often present in the leaf axils, smaller than the primary panicles. |
Spikelets | lanceolate, green and slightly to strongly suffused with purple. |
narrowly ovate to lanceolate, greenish or light brownish purple. |
Glumes | subequal to unequal, 1.6-3 mm, lanceolate, 1-veined, sometimes scabridulous distally, at least on the midvein, acute to acuminate or apiculate; callus hairs to 0.5 mm, sparse; lemmas 1.4-2 mm, opaque to translucent, smooth, 5-veined, veins obscure or prominent distally, apices acute to obtuse, entire or the veins excurrent to about 0.1 mm, usually unawned, rarely with a subapical straight awn to about 1 mm; paleas 0.7-1.4 mm, veins visible; anthers 3, 0.9-1.4 mm. |
subequal, 1.5-2.8 mm, lanceolate, 1-veined, keels somewhat aculeolate, apices usually acute, sometimes acuminate; calluses usually sparsely hairy, hairs to 0.2 mm, sometimes glabrous; lemmas 1.2-2 mm, smooth, glabrous, translucent to opaque, 5-veined, veins prominent distally or obscure, apices acute, entire, unawned; paleas absent, or to 0.2 mm and thin; anthers 3, 0.3-0.6 mm, to 1/2 as long as the lemmas. |
Caryopses | 0.9-1.3 mm; endosperm solid. |
0.9-1.3 mm. |
2n | = 28, 35,42. |
= [28], 42. |
Agrostis stolonifera |
Agrostis clavata |
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Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; HI; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; Greenland
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AK; YT |
Discussion | Agrostis stolonifera grows in areas that are often temporarily flooded, such as lakesides, marshes, salt marshes, lawns, and damp fields, as well as moist meadows, forest openings, and along streams. It will also colonize disturbed sites such as ditches, clearcuts, and overgrazed pastures. Its North American range extends from the subarctic into Mexico, mostly at low to middle elevations. Agrostis stolonifera has been confused with A. gigantea (see previous). It is considered to be Eurasian, but some northern salt marsh and lakeside populations may be native. Agrostis stolonifera is also similar to A. castellana (p. 639); it differs in having longer, acute to truncate ligules that are longer than wide, and in possessing extensive stolons. The names A. palustris Huds. and A. maritima Lam. have been applied to plants with longer stolons; all forms intergrade. A hybrid between A. stolonifera and Polypogon monspeliensis, xAgropogon lutosus (p. 668), has been found in the Flora region. It differs from A. stolonifera in having awned glumes and lemmas. Agrostis stolonifera readily hybridizes with A. vinealis (see below), the hybrids being somewhat intermediate between the two parents. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Agrostis clavata grows in disturbed ground on sandbars and gravelbars, and in wet meadows and coniferous forests, from Sweden across northern Asia to Kamchatka. It was recently found in Alaska, the Yukon, and the Northwest Territories, and appears to be native there. It differs from the similarly large-panicled A. scabra (see next) in its much broader, flat leaves. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 641. | FNA vol. 24, p. 646. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | A. stolonifera var. palustris, A. stolonifera var. compacta, A. palustris, A. maritima, A. alba var. stolonifera, A. alba var. palustris, A. alba forma aristigera | |
Name authority | L | Trin. |
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