Agoseris heterophylla
Agoseris
annual agoseris, annual false dandelion, mountain dandelion
agoseris, false-dandelion, mountain- dandelion
3–14 cm (bases woody).
none.
0 or 1 (erect, 0–5 cm).
mostly erect, sometimes prostrate;
petioles not purplish, margins glabrous or ciliate;
blades usually oblanceolate to spatulate, rarely linear, 1–25 cm, margins entire or lobed;
lobes 2–3 pairs, linear to spatulate, spreading to antrorse, lobules mostly 0, glabrous or densely hairy.
absent at flowering.
linear-lanceolate to cuneate-oblanceolate, 11–35 × 2–6 imm, acute, not flagged (apices acute), faces gray-pubescent.
elongating after flowering, 3–60 cm in fruit, glabrous or glabrate, or basally puberulent and apically hairy to tomentose, sometimes stipitate-glandular.
cylindric to hemispheric, 1–2 cm in fruit.
staminate 6–8 mm; pistillate 6–8 mm.
epaleate.
5–100(–300);
corollas yellow, tubes 1–5 mm, ligules 2–15 × 1–3 mm;
anthers 1–4 mm.
staminate 3–4.5 mm; pistillate 5–6 mm.
in 2–3 series, green or medially rosy purple, sometimes purple-black spotted or tipped, subequal to unequal, margins glabrous or ciliate, faces usually puberulent to villous, mostly stipitate-glandular, sometimes glabrous;
outer erect or spreading, adaxially usually villous to lanate, sometimes glabrous;
inner erect, ± elongating after flowering.
distally red to pink, light brown, or white.
3–25 in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays.
7–16 mm, bodies mostly fusiform to obconic, sometimes tumid, 2–5(–10) mm, beaks 5–11 mm, lengths 1–4 times bodies, ribs 0 or alate, straight to strongly undulate, uniform or diminishing proximally;
pappus bristles in 2–3 series, 4–9 mm.
2–2.5 mm, pubescent and papillate;
pappi: staminate 6–7 mm (capillary); pistillate 6–7 mm.
= 28.
Agoseris heterophylla
Agoseris
Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Species 11 (10, including 1 hybrid, in the flora).
Agoseris consists of widespread species that individually exhibit great morphologic plasticity. Difficulty in correctly identifying individual specimens is compounded by traits that may vary from region to region, the perpetuation of misleading or inaccurate traits in the literature, and the presence of intermediates. Correct identification of Agoseris specimens can be assisted by knowing that species may exhibit variable traits (e.g., pubescence, corolla color, cypsela morphology), some species have leaf lobing variable on single plants (e.g., outermost entire versus inner lobed), and intermediate specimens may occur with any sympatric taxa. Hybridization among members of the genus is common, especially among polyploid taxa, and some hybrid populations appear to be persistent. Autogamy has been demonstrated in some species (K. L. Chambers 1963) and is suspected in others. It appears to be correlated with a reduction in corolla and anther size. Autogamous populations or taxa often exhibit seemingly unique features that appear localized. Attempts at naming these variant populations or regional phases have resulted in a large number of synonyms.
Agoseris has a New World, amphitropical distribution. All of the species are restricted to North America except A. coronopifolia (D’Urville) K. L. Chambers, which is found in temperate regions of southern South America. The South American disjunction appears to be the result of long-distance dispersal from North America (K. L. Chambers 1963).
Agoseris appears to be most closely related to Nothocalaïs.
Cryptopleura Nuttall, referable here, is a rejected name.
In keys and descriptions, lengths of cypselae include beaks.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Ligules 10–15 mm, much surpassing phyllaries; anthers 2–4 mm; leaf blades toothed to lobed, lobes mostly 3–4(–5) pairs | var. cryptopleura |
1. Ligules 2–4 mm, subequaling phyllaries; anthers 1–1.5 mm; leaf margins entire, toothed, or lobed, lobes mostly 2–3 pairs | → 2 |
2. Peduncle lengths 0.5–3 times leaves at flowering; leaf blades glabrous abaxially, pubescent adaxially; peduncles mostly glabrate, or apically tomentose | var. quentinii |
2. Peduncle lengths mostly 1.5–4.5 times leaves at flowering; leaf blades uniformly glabrous or hairy; peduncles ± glabrate, or apically hairy to villous, sometimes glabrous | var. heterophylla |
1. Annuals | A. heterophylla |
1. Perennials | → 2 |
2. Corollas orange, pink, red, or purplish (often drying purplish) | → 3 |
2. Corollas yellow, outermost often each with abaxial purplish stripe (often drying whitish, purple stripe still evident) | → 4 |
3. Peduncles (and phyllaries) eglandular; widespread in North America | A. aurantiaca |
3. Peduncles (and phyllaries) ± stipitate-glandular; California, Oregon, and Washington | A. ×elata |
4. Cypsela beaks 1–4(–10) mm (lengths to 1/2 bodies); inner phyllaries not elongating in fruit | → 5 |
4. Cypsela beaks 5+ mm, lengths usually equaling or greater than bodies, if less than 5 mm, beaks usually 1/2+ bodies; inner phyllaries elongating in fruit | → 7 |
5. Leaf margins usually lobed, rarely entire, lobes (3–)5–8 pairs, retrorse to spreading; peduncles (and phyllaries) usually hairy to lanate, sometimes glabrous, eglandular; cypsela beaks (3–)4–10 mm, lengths (1/2–)2 times bodies | A. parviflora |
5. Leaf margins entire or toothed to lobed, teeth or lobes usually 2–3 pairs, antrorse to spreading, or diverging; peduncles (and phyllaries) glabrous or puberulent to lanate, sometimes stipitate-glandular or eglandular; cypsela beaks 1–4 mm, lengths to 1/2 bodies | → 6 |
6. Peduncles glabrous, or basally glabrate, apically puberulent to lanate, sometimes stipitate-glandular; leaves usually erect, sometimes decumbent, margins usually entire, sometimes dentate, rarely lobed or lacerate; receptacles sometimes paleate; phyllaries in 2–3 series; widespread, various soils and elevations, n Great Plains westward | A. glauca |
6. Peduncles basally lanate, apically hairy to villous and stipitate-glandular; leaves usually decumbent or prostrate, margins usually dentate or lobed, rarely entire; receptacles rarely paleate; phyllaries in 2–4(–6) series; mostly at high elevations, volcanic or pyroclastic soils, Sierra Nevada and s Cascade Mountains, sporadically eastward to Blue Mountains and Great Basin | A. monticola |
7. Peduncles and phyllaries ± stipitate-glandular | → 8 |
7. Peduncles and phyllaries glabrous or hairy, eglandular | → 10 |
8. Leaves 3–10(–15) cm (plants usually ± caulescent, stems often buried by drifting sand, appearing pseudorhizomatous, sometimes acaulescent); mostly coastal dunes and beach heads, Pacific Coast | A. apargioides |
8. Leaves (7–)10–30 cm (plants acaulescent); mostly grassy hills, meadows, or lowland prairies (not coastal sand dunes) | → 9 |
9. Leaf margins usually pinnately lobed, lobes 5–7(–9) pairs; corolla tubes 3–6 mm; cypselae 9–14 mm; pappus bristles in 3–4 series, 6–10 mm; Coast Ranges of California, especially around San Francisco Bay | A. hirsuta |
9. Leaf margins entire or laciniately pinnatifid, lobes 2–4 pairs; corolla tubes 8–10 mm; cypselae 14–20 mm; pappus bristles in 2–3 series, 10–14 mm; Washington to California (not Coast Ranges) | A. ×elata |
10. Cypsela beaks (9–)10–25 mm, lengths usually 3–4 times bodies; phyllaries in 3–6 series | → 11 |
10. Cypsela beaks (1–)3–10 mm, lengths usually 1/2–2 times bodies; phyllaries in 2–3 series | → 12 |
11. Leaf lobes antrorse to spreading; corolla tubes 4–7(–10) mm, ligules 3–7 mm, anthers 1–3 mm; pappus bristles in 2–3 series, 7–15 mm. | A. grandiflora |
11. Leaf lobes retrorse to spreading; corolla tubes (8–)10–20 mm, ligules 6–12(–16) mm, anthers 2–5 mm; pappus bristles in 4–6 series, (11–) 15–20 mm | A. retrorsa |
12. Corolla tubes 2–5.5 mm, ligules 3–16 mm, anthers 1.5–4.5 mm; cypsela bodies 3–5 mm; leaves 3–10(–15) cm; Pacific shore coastal dunes. | A. apargioides |
12. Corolla tubes (4–)6–15 mm, ligules (4–)6–20 mm, anthers 2–5 mm; cypsela bodies 5–9 mm; leaves (5–)10–38 cm; widespread North America east of Pacific coast ranges | → 13 |
13. Corolla ligules 4–12 mm; inner phyllaries elongating in fruit; leaf margins entire or laciniately lobed, lobes 2–4 pairs, spreading to antrorse; montane forests to alpine tundra, often disturbed habitats | A. aurantiaca |
13. Corolla ligules 10–20 mm; inner phyllaries not elongating in fruit; leaf margins usually lobed, rarely entire, lobes (3–)5–8 pairs, mostly retrorse; sagebrush steppes, grasslands, pinyon-juniper woodlands, open forests at lower elevations | A. parviflora |
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