Agoseris apargioides |
Agoseris |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
coast dandelion, seaside agoseris, seaside false-dandelion, woolly goat chicory |
agoseris, false-dandelion, mountain- dandelion |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habit | Dioecious. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plants | 3–14 cm (bases woody). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stolons | none. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stems | 0 or 1–5+ (becoming buried by drifting sand and appearing pseudorhizomatous). |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leaves | usually reclining to decumbent, sometimes erect; blades mostly oblanceolate to spatulate, sometimes nearly linear, 3–15 cm, margins usually dentate to lobed or pinnatifid, rarely entire, lobes 3–5(–7) pairs, filiform to spatulate, spreading to antrorse, lobules mostly 0, faces glabrous or densely hairy. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basal leaves | absent at flowering. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cauline leaves | linear-lanceolate to cuneate-oblanceolate, 11–35 × 2–6 imm, acute, not flagged (apices acute), faces gray-pubescent. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Peduncles | ± elongating after flowering, 7–45 cm in fruit, glabrous or glabrate to hairy, often villous basally, sometimes villous to tomentose apically, sometimes stipitate-glandular. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Involucres | obconic to hemispheric, 1.5–2.5 cm in fruit. |
staminate 6–8 mm; pistillate 6–8 mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Receptacles | epaleate. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Florets | 25–200; corollas yellow, tubes 2–5.5 mm, ligules 3–16 × 1–3 mm; anthers 1.5–4.5 mm. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Corollas | staminate 3–4.5 mm; pistillate 5–6 mm. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Phyllaries | imbricate (sometimes subequal) in 2–3 series, green or medially rosy purple, often spotted and/or with purple-black midstripes, margins ciliate to tomentose, faces usually ± villous, sometimes glabrous, sometimes stipitate-glandular; outer mostly spreading, adaxially usually ± tomentose, rarely glabrous; inner erect, elongating after flowering. |
distally red to pink, light brown, or white. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Heads | 3–25 in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays. |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cypselae | 5–12 mm; bodies fusiform to obconic, 3–5 mm, beaks (1–)3–8 mm, lengths mostly 1–2 times bodies; pappus bristles in 2–3 series, 4–9 mm. |
2–2.5 mm, pubescent and papillate; pappi: staminate 6–7 mm (capillary); pistillate 6–7 mm. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2n | = 36. |
= 28. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Agoseris apargioides |
Agoseris |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA
|
North America; South America |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Discussion | Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). A misinterpretation of the type description of Agoseris apargioides resulted in its confusion with A. hirsuta during the latter half of the twentieth century; the two species are not conspecific. Agoseris apargioides (in the strict sense) here includes what most authors of recent floras have called A. apargioides subsp. maritima and/or var. eastwoodiae. It occurs on coastal dunes along the Pacific coast from central California to Washington. A unique feature of A. apargioides is that its stems become progressively buried by drifting sand, leaving a terminal rosette of leaves exposed, the plants thus appearing pseudorhizomatous. Agoseris apargioides is part of a close alliance that includes A. heterophylla, A. hirsuta, and A. coronopifolia from South America. Exact relationships within this group are not clear. Putative hybrids between A. apargioides and A. heterophylla var. cryptopleura, A. hirsuta, and A. grandiflora var. grandiflora have been identified. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Species 11 (10, including 1 hybrid, in the flora). Agoseris consists of widespread species that individually exhibit great morphologic plasticity. Difficulty in correctly identifying individual specimens is compounded by traits that may vary from region to region, the perpetuation of misleading or inaccurate traits in the literature, and the presence of intermediates. Correct identification of Agoseris specimens can be assisted by knowing that species may exhibit variable traits (e.g., pubescence, corolla color, cypsela morphology), some species have leaf lobing variable on single plants (e.g., outermost entire versus inner lobed), and intermediate specimens may occur with any sympatric taxa. Hybridization among members of the genus is common, especially among polyploid taxa, and some hybrid populations appear to be persistent. Autogamy has been demonstrated in some species (K. L. Chambers 1963) and is suspected in others. It appears to be correlated with a reduction in corolla and anther size. Autogamous populations or taxa often exhibit seemingly unique features that appear localized. Attempts at naming these variant populations or regional phases have resulted in a large number of synonyms. Agoseris has a New World, amphitropical distribution. All of the species are restricted to North America except A. coronopifolia (D’Urville) K. L. Chambers, which is found in temperate regions of southern South America. The South American disjunction appears to be the result of long-distance dispersal from North America (K. L. Chambers 1963). Agoseris appears to be most closely related to Nothocalaïs. Cryptopleura Nuttall, referable here, is a rejected name. In keys and descriptions, lengths of cypselae include beaks. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key |
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 19, p. 331. | FNA vol. 19, p. 323. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae > Agoseris | Asteraceae > tribe Cichorieae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Troximon apargioides | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name authority | (Lessing) Greene: Pittonia 2: 177. (1891) | Rafinesque: Fl. Ludov., 58. (1817) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web links |