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Palmer agave, Palmer's century plant

sisal, sisal hemp

Habit Plants acaulescent, rarely suckering; rosettes usually solitary, not cespitose, 4–13 × 7–13 dm, open. Plants short-stemmed, commonly suckering with elongate rhizomes, trunks 0.4–1 m; rosettes not cespitose, 15–20 × 15–25 dm.
Leaves

ascending to spreading, 35–92 × 3.5–19 cm;

blade pale to glaucous-green or green, sometimes tinged reddish, not cross-zoned, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, rigid, adaxially concave toward apex, abaxially convex toward base;

margins straight or somewhat undulate, armed, teeth single, well defined, firmly attached, 3–6 mm, (0.5–)1–2 cm apart, interstitial teeth 4–6, mostly along distal 2/3 of margins;

apex not conspicuously incurved, spine reddish brown to brown, acicular, 3–6 cm.

spreading, 90–130 × 9–12 cm;

blade green, slightly cross-zoned when immature, lanceolate, firm, adaxially plane, abaxially slightly convex;

margins straight, finely fibrous, typically unarmed, teeth single prickles when present, 1–2 mm, 2–5+ cm apart;

apical spine dark brown, subulate, 2–2.5 cm.

Scape

(1.7–)4–6.5(–7.2) m. Inflorescences broadly paniculate, not bulbiferous, open;

bracts persistent, triangular, 1–5 cm;

lateral branches 8–26(–32), slightly ascending, comprising distal 1/3 of inflorescence, longer than 10 cm.

5–6 m. Inflorescences paniculate, open, often bulbiferous;

bracts persistent, triangular, 0.5–2 cm;

lateral branches 10–15(–25), ascending, comprising distal 1/2 of inflorescence, longer than 10 cm.

Flowers

8–16 per cluster, erect, 4.5–7.5 cm;

perianth cream to pale yellow or light green, tube not shallow, urceolate, 10–18 × 10–16 mm, limb lobes persistent and often leathery during and after anthesis, erect, strongly unequal, (6–)9–18 mm, apex often flushed with maroon;

stamens long-exserted;

filaments inserted at 2 levels, above mid perianth tube and near rim, erect, pale yellow or reddish, 4–5.5(–5.8) cm, apex often flushed with maroon;

anthers yellow, 11–25 mm;

ovary 1.8–3.6 cm, neck slightly constricted, (0.5–)4–6 mm.

erect, 5.5–6.5 cm;

perianth greenish yellow, tube urceolate, 15–18 × 10–12 mm, limb lobes erect, equal, 17–18 mm;

stamens long-exserted;

filaments inserted ca. mid perianth tube, erect, yellow, 5–6 cm;

anthers yellow, 20–25 mm;

ovary 2–2.5 cm, neck slightly constricted, 2–4 mm.

Capsules

short-pedicellate, narrowly oblong to oblong, 3.5–6 cm, apex short- to long-beaked.

not seen.

Seeds

5–7 mm.

unknown.

2n

= 60.

= 138, 147, 149, 150.

Agave palmeri

Agave sisalana

Phenology Flowering late spring–summer. Flowering winter–early spring.
Habitat Sandy to gravelly places on limestone in oak woodlands and grassy plains Sandy places along roadsides and in hammocks
Elevation 900–2000 m (3000–6600 ft) 0 m (0 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NM; nw Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; s Mexico [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Agave palmeri hybridizes with A. chrysantha in Arizona.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Agave sisalana is frequently cultivated for its fiber and ornamental value. The plant is not known from the wild. As with A. desmettiana, capsules and seeds of this species are unknown. Capsules are known from A. kewensis (native to Chiapas), A. neglecta, and A. weberi, although no mature seeds have been observed. It may be that all are anciently selected cultivars that now persist only by vegetative means. None save A. kewensis is thought to occur in the wild. Plants similar to those found in Florida are known from Chiapas. Agave sisalana is an important source of fiber and probably was widely distributed by pre-Columbian people.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 460. FNA vol. 26, p. 454.
Parent taxa Agavaceae > Agave Agavaceae > Agave
Sibling taxa
A. americana, A. asperrima, A. chrysantha, A. decipiens, A. delamateri, A. deserti, A. desmettiana, A. gracilipes, A. havardiana, A. lechuguilla, A. mckelveyana, A. murpheyi, A. neglecta, A. parryi, A. parviflora, A. phillipsiana, A. schottii, A. shawii, A. sisalana, A. toumeyana, A. univittata, A. utahensis, A. weberi, A. ×ajoensis, A. ×arizonica, A. ×glomeruliflora
A. americana, A. asperrima, A. chrysantha, A. decipiens, A. delamateri, A. deserti, A. desmettiana, A. gracilipes, A. havardiana, A. lechuguilla, A. mckelveyana, A. murpheyi, A. neglecta, A. palmeri, A. parryi, A. parviflora, A. phillipsiana, A. schottii, A. shawii, A. toumeyana, A. univittata, A. utahensis, A. weberi, A. ×ajoensis, A. ×arizonica, A. ×glomeruliflora
Name authority Engelmann: Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 319. (1875) Perrine: Trop. Pl., 87. (1838)
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