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lecheguilla, lechuguilla

Hohokam agave, Murphey agave, Murphey's century plant

Habit Plants acaulescent, frequently suckering; rosettes openly cespitose, 3–4 × 5–6 dm. Plants acaulescent, freely suckering; rosettes cespitose, 6–12 × 8–14 dm, open.
Leaves

mostly ascending to erect, (25–)30–50 × 2–4(–5.2) cm;

blade light green to yellowish green, sometimes checkmarked but without bud-prints, linear-lanceolate, stiff, adaxially concave toward apex, abaxially convex toward base;

margins straight, easily detached, nonfiliferous, conspicuously armed, teeth single 2–6 mm, mostly (1–)2–4 cm apart, rarely absent;

apical spine grayish, conical to subulate, 1.5–4.5 cm.

ascending, 50–80 × 6–10 cm;

blade light glaucous green to yellow green, frequently lightly cross-zoned, spatulate, firm, adaxially concave toward apex, abaxially convex toward base;

margins undulate, armed, teeth single, well defined, mostly 3–4 mm, ca. 1–2 cm apart;

apical spine dark brown to grayish, conical, 1.2–2 cm.

Scape

(2–)2.5–3.5 m. Inflorescences spicate, densely flowered on distal 1/2;

bracts caducous, linear, 1–3 cm;

peduncle 2–5 mm, rarely 20–150 mm.

3–4 m. Inflorescences narrowly paniculate, prolifically bulbiferous;

bracts persistent, triangular, 10–15 cm;

lateral branches 10–16, slightly ascending, comprising distal 1/4 of inflorescence, longer than 10 cm.

Flowers

2–3 per cluster, erect to slightly recurved, (2.4–)3–4.5 cm;

perianth yellow, frequently tinged with red or purple, tube campanulate, 1.5–4 × 6–12 mm, limb lobes ascending, subequal, 11–20 mm;

stamens long-exserted;

filaments inserted on rim of perianth tube, spreading, yellow to reddish, 2.5–4.2 cm;

anthers pale yellow, (11–)15–20 mm;

ovary (0.8–)1.5–2.2 cm, neck constricted (2–)4–8.5 mm.

12–21 per cluster, erect, (5.1–)6–7.5 cm;

perianth cream, apex purplish or brownish, tube urceolate, 14–20 × (11–)14–19 mm, limb lobes erect, unequal, (14–)15–20 mm;

stamens long-exserted;

filaments inserted unequally at or slightly above mid perianth tube, erect, yellow, (3.3–)4.5–5 cm;

anthers yellow, (16–)22–25 mm;

ovary (1.8–)2.2–4 cm, neck slightly constricted, (0.5–)4–6 mm.

Capsules

sessile or short-pedicellate, oblong, 1.8–2.5(–3) cm, apex beaked.

short-pedicellate, obovate to oblong or ovate, 5–7 cm, apex short-beaked.

Seeds

4.5–6 mm.

(7–)9–11 mm.

2n

= 110–120.

= 60.

Agave lechuguilla

Agave murpheyi

Phenology Flowering mid spring–late summer. Flowering late winter–spring.
Habitat Gravelly to rocky calcareous places in desert scrub Near drainage systems in desert scrub
Elevation 500–1400 m (1600–4600 ft) 400–1000 m (1300–3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
NM; TX; n Mexico; e Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; nw Mexico
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Agave lechuguilla is the principal source of “istle” or “ixtle,” a hard fiber used for rope and known by the trade name “Tampico fibre.” The plant is poisonous to cattle, goats, and sheep. This species is the dominant agave on the Chihuahuan Desert. It hybridizes with A. havardiana, A. neomexicana, A. gracilipes, and A. ×glomeruliflora.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Agave murpheyi, used by the Hohokam for food, is known only from around pre-Columbian agricultural and settlement areas. The plants (including bulbils) are easily transported and transplanted. Agave murpheyi hybridizes with A. chrysantha in Arizona.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 449. FNA vol. 26, p. 456.
Parent taxa Agavaceae > Agave Agavaceae > Agave
Sibling taxa
A. americana, A. asperrima, A. chrysantha, A. decipiens, A. delamateri, A. deserti, A. desmettiana, A. gracilipes, A. havardiana, A. mckelveyana, A. murpheyi, A. neglecta, A. palmeri, A. parryi, A. parviflora, A. phillipsiana, A. schottii, A. shawii, A. sisalana, A. toumeyana, A. univittata, A. utahensis, A. weberi, A. ×ajoensis, A. ×arizonica, A. ×glomeruliflora
A. americana, A. asperrima, A. chrysantha, A. decipiens, A. delamateri, A. deserti, A. desmettiana, A. gracilipes, A. havardiana, A. lechuguilla, A. mckelveyana, A. neglecta, A. palmeri, A. parryi, A. parviflora, A. phillipsiana, A. schottii, A. shawii, A. sisalana, A. toumeyana, A. univittata, A. utahensis, A. weberi, A. ×ajoensis, A. ×arizonica, A. ×glomeruliflora
Name authority Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 213. (1859) F. Gibson: Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. Pl. Res. 7: 83, fig. 1. (1935)
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