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lecheguilla, lechuguilla

Tonto Basin agave, Tonto Basin century plant

Habit Plants acaulescent, frequently suckering; rosettes openly cespitose, 3–4 × 5–6 dm. Plants acaulescent, freely suckering; rosettes solitary to cespitose, 9–10 × 9–10 dm, open.
Leaves

mostly ascending to erect, (25–)30–50 × 2–4(–5.2) cm;

blade light green to yellowish green, sometimes checkmarked but without bud-prints, linear-lanceolate, stiff, adaxially concave toward apex, abaxially convex toward base;

margins straight, easily detached, nonfiliferous, conspicuously armed, teeth single 2–6 mm, mostly (1–)2–4 cm apart, rarely absent;

apical spine grayish, conical to subulate, 1.5–4.5 cm.

erect or erect-ascending, 50–63(–73) × 7.5–9 cm;

blade glaucous-gray to -bluish, cross-zoned, lanceolate or oblanceolate, rigid, adaxially concave, abaxially convex;

margins straight or repand, armed, teeth single, well defined, 3.5–5 mm, 1–3 cm apart, interstitial teeth (3–)6–12, mostly along distal 2/3 of margins;

apex conspicuously incurved, spine brownish gray, slender, 2.8–3.5(–4.9) cm.

Scape

(2–)2.5–3.5 m. Inflorescences spicate, densely flowered on distal 1/2;

bracts caducous, linear, 1–3 cm;

peduncle 2–5 mm, rarely 20–150 mm.

4.5–6 m. Inflorescences broadly paniculate, not bulbiferous, open;

bracts persistent, triangular, 1–5.5 cm;

lateral branches 12–17, horizontal, comprising distal 3/5–5/8 of inflorescence, longer than 10 cm.

Flowers

2–3 per cluster, erect to slightly recurved, (2.4–)3–4.5 cm;

perianth yellow, frequently tinged with red or purple, tube campanulate, 1.5–4 × 6–12 mm, limb lobes ascending, subequal, 11–20 mm;

stamens long-exserted;

filaments inserted on rim of perianth tube, spreading, yellow to reddish, 2.5–4.2 cm;

anthers pale yellow, (11–)15–20 mm;

ovary (0.8–)1.5–2.2 cm, neck constricted (2–)4–8.5 mm.

14–20 per cluster, erect, 4.7–6.7(–7) cm;

perianth cream, tinged with light green, tube not shallow, campanulate, 11–16 × 11–16 mm, limb lobes persistent and often leathery during and after anthesis, spreading, unequal, 9–18 mm, apex flushed with maroon;

stamens long-exserted;

filaments inserted at 1 level ca. mid perianth tube, erect, yellow, 3–5.3 cm, apex flushed with maroon;

anthers yellow, 11–20 mm;

ovary 2.1–2.9 cm, neck slightly constricted, 1–3.5 mm.

Capsules

sessile or short-pedicellate, oblong, 1.8–2.5(–3) cm, apex beaked.

not seen.

Seeds

4.5–6 mm.

unknown.

2n

= 110–120.

Agave lechuguilla

Agave delamateri

Phenology Flowering mid spring–late summer. Flowering early summer.
Habitat Gravelly to rocky calcareous places in desert scrub Gravelly places with desert scrub, rarely in chaparral or pinyon-juniper woodlands
Elevation 500–1400 m (1600–4600 ft) 700–1600 m (2300–5200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
NM; TX; n Mexico; e Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Agave lechuguilla is the principal source of “istle” or “ixtle,” a hard fiber used for rope and known by the trade name “Tampico fibre.” The plant is poisonous to cattle, goats, and sheep. This species is the dominant agave on the Chihuahuan Desert. It hybridizes with A. havardiana, A. neomexicana, A. gracilipes, and A. ×glomeruliflora.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Agave delamateri is known only from about 90 individual clones and always in association with Mogollon or Salado settlement features. The plant is probably a cultivar derived from A. palmeri or a closely related taxon by pre-Columbian people. Agave delamateri hybridizes with A. chrysantha, acting as a pollen donor.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 449. FNA vol. 26, p. 460.
Parent taxa Agavaceae > Agave Agavaceae > Agave
Sibling taxa
A. americana, A. asperrima, A. chrysantha, A. decipiens, A. delamateri, A. deserti, A. desmettiana, A. gracilipes, A. havardiana, A. mckelveyana, A. murpheyi, A. neglecta, A. palmeri, A. parryi, A. parviflora, A. phillipsiana, A. schottii, A. shawii, A. sisalana, A. toumeyana, A. univittata, A. utahensis, A. weberi, A. ×ajoensis, A. ×arizonica, A. ×glomeruliflora
A. americana, A. asperrima, A. chrysantha, A. decipiens, A. deserti, A. desmettiana, A. gracilipes, A. havardiana, A. lechuguilla, A. mckelveyana, A. murpheyi, A. neglecta, A. palmeri, A. parryi, A. parviflora, A. phillipsiana, A. schottii, A. shawii, A. sisalana, A. toumeyana, A. univittata, A. utahensis, A. weberi, A. ×ajoensis, A. ×arizonica, A. ×glomeruliflora
Name authority Torrey: in W. H. Emory, Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 213. (1859) W. C. Hodgson & Slauson: Haseltonia 3: 133, figs. 1, 3–5. (1995)
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