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American agave, American century plant, centuryplant, maguey americano

Chisos agave

Habit Plants acaulescent or short-stemmed, commonly suckering, trunks less than 2 m; rosettes not cespitose, 10–20 × 20–37 dm. Plants acaulescent, frequently suckering; rosettes cespitose, 4–6 × 5–9 dm.
Leaves

erect, spreading to ascending, occasionally reflexed, 80–200 × 15–25 cm;

blade light green to green or glaucous-gray, sometimes variegated or cross-zoned, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, smooth, rigid;

margins nearly straight or undulate to crenate, armed, teeth single, 5–10 mm, 1–4 cm apart;

apical spine dark brown to grayish, conical or subulate, 2–6 cm.

mostly spreading;

blade light to dark green, without bud-prints, linear and 40–55 × 5–6 cm or lanceolate to deltate and 35–50 × (5–)7–10(–12.5) cm, rigid, adaxially concave toward apex, abaxially convex toward base;

margins straight, nonfiliferous, conspicuously armed, teeth single, 3–10(–15) mm, 1–3 cm apart;

apical spine grayish, conical to subulate, 2.5–4.5 cm.

Scape

5–9 m.

4–6 m.

Inflorescences

paniculate, not bulbiferous;

bracts persistent, triangular, 5–15 cm;

lateral branches 15–35, horizontal to slightly ascending, comprising distal 1/3–1/2 of inflorescence, longer than 10 cm.

subspicate to narrowly racemose-paniculate, sparsely flowered;

bracts persistent, triangular to narrowly triangular, 1–4 cm;

lateral branches 70–90+, comprising distal 1/3–1/2 of inflorescence, 10 cm or shorter.

Flowers

erect, 7–10.5 cm;

perianth yellow, tube funnelform to cylindric, 8–20 × 12–20 mm, limb lobes erect, subequal, 20–35 mm;

stamens long-exserted;

filaments inserted above mid perianth tube, erect, yellow, 6–9 cm;

anthers yellow, 25–35 mm;

ovary 3–4.5 cm, neck constricted, 3–6(–8) mm.

(6–)10–12 per cluster, erect, 4–4.7 cm;

perianth yellow to yellowish lime green, tube funnelform, (3.2–)6–8 × 10–13 mm, limb lobes ascending, subequal, 16–23 mm;

stamens long-exserted;

filaments inserted on rim of perianth tube, spreading, yellow to lime green or maroon, 4–5.8 cm;

anthers yellow, 20–21 mm;

ovary 1.3–2(–2.2) cm, neck constricted, 3.5–6 mm.

Capsules

short-pedicellate, oblong, 3.5–8 cm, apex beaked.

sessile or short-pedicellate, oblong, 2.5–4 cm, apex beaked.

Seeds

6–8 mm.

5–6 mm.

Agave americana

Agave ×glomeruliflora

Phenology Flowering mid spring–early fall.
Habitat Gravelly calcareous slopes in grasslands and oak-juniper woodlands
Elevation 600–1600 m (2000–5200 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
sw United States; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX; n Mexico
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Various chromosome numbers have been reported for Agave americana under a variety of names, typically without regard to the plant’s origin or its precise taxonomic disposition. Nonetheless, the species is most certainly a polyploid complex based on x = 30, with reports of n = 30 and 2n = 60, 120, and 180 documented by S. D. McKelvey and K. Sax (1933), H. Matsuura and T. Sutô (1935), E. B. Granick (1944), A. K. Sharma and U. C. Bhattacharyya (1962), M. S. Cave (1964), S. Banerjee and A. K. Sharma (1987), Huang S. F. et al. (1989) and B. Vijayavalli and P. M. Mathew (1990). Various dysploids have also been reported (A. F. Dyer et al. 1970; J. L. Strother and G. L. Nesom 1997). See H. S. Gentry (1982) for details.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

as species

Of conservation concern.

H. S. Gentry (1982) applied Agave ×glomeruliflora to a series of hybrids involving A. lechuguilla (subg. Littaea) and A. gracilipes, A. havardiana, and A. parryi var. neomexicana (subg. Agave), representing “all those cases of the racemose inflorescence seconded by the loose corneous margins of leaves intermediate in width between the wide leaves of the above cited species and A. lechuguilla.” However, A. ×glomeruliflora should probably be more appropriately applied only to crosses and back-crosses between A. lechuguilla and A. havardiana.

Unlike species of subg. Littaea, this hybrid (and others that result from intersubgeneric crosses) exhibits the more open inflorescence types of subg. Agave in that the scape is dominated by clusters of flowers on more or less well-defined lateral branches.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves 80–135 cm, 4–6 times longer than wide; capsules 3.5–4 cm.
subsp. protamericana
1. Leaves 100–200 cm, 6–10 times longer than wide; capsules 4–8 cm.
subsp. americana
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 452. FNA vol. 26.
Parent taxa Agavaceae > Agave Agavaceae > Agave
Sibling taxa
A. asperrima, A. chrysantha, A. decipiens, A. delamateri, A. deserti, A. desmettiana, A. gracilipes, A. havardiana, A. lechuguilla, A. mckelveyana, A. murpheyi, A. neglecta, A. palmeri, A. parryi, A. parviflora, A. phillipsiana, A. schottii, A. shawii, A. sisalana, A. toumeyana, A. univittata, A. utahensis, A. weberi, A. ×ajoensis, A. ×arizonica, A. ×glomeruliflora
A. americana, A. asperrima, A. chrysantha, A. decipiens, A. delamateri, A. deserti, A. desmettiana, A. gracilipes, A. havardiana, A. lechuguilla, A. mckelveyana, A. murpheyi, A. neglecta, A. palmeri, A. parryi, A. parviflora, A. phillipsiana, A. schottii, A. shawii, A. sisalana, A. toumeyana, A. univittata, A. utahensis, A. weberi, A. ×ajoensis, A. ×arizonica
Subordinate taxa
A. americana subsp. americana, A. americana subsp. protamericana
Synonyms A. heteracantha, A. chisosensis
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 323. (1753) (Engelmann) A. Berger: Agaven, 95. (1915)
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