Agave americana |
Agave ×arizonica |
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American agave, American century plant, centuryplant, maguey americano |
Arizona agave, Arizona century plant |
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Habit | Plants acaulescent or short-stemmed, commonly suckering, trunks less than 2 m; rosettes not cespitose, 10–20 × 20–37 dm. | Plants acaulescent, sparingly suckering; rosettes solitary or sparingly cespitose, 2–3.5 × 3–4 dm. | ||||
Leaves | erect, spreading to ascending, occasionally reflexed, 80–200 × 15–25 cm; blade light green to green or glaucous-gray, sometimes variegated or cross-zoned, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, smooth, rigid; margins nearly straight or undulate to crenate, armed, teeth single, 5–10 mm, 1–4 cm apart; apical spine dark brown to grayish, conical or subulate, 2–6 cm. |
spreading, 13–31 × 2–3.2 cm; blade dark green, without bud-prints, linear-lanceolate, rigid, adaxially slightly concave toward apex, abaxially convex toward base; margins straight, non-filiferous, conspicuously armed, horny from below mid-blade to apical spine, teeth single, (1–)2–5 mm, 1–3(–5) cm apart; apical spine dark brown to gray, subulate, 1–2.5 cm. |
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Scape | 5–9 m. |
2.5–4 m. |
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Inflorescences | paniculate, not bulbiferous; bracts persistent, triangular, 5–15 cm; lateral branches 15–35, horizontal to slightly ascending, comprising distal 1/3–1/2 of inflorescence, longer than 10 cm. |
subspicate to racemose-paniculate, openly flowered; bracts caducous, triangular, 8–12 cm; lateral branches 30–40, comprising distal 1/4–1/3 of inflorescence, 4 cm or shorter. |
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Flowers | erect, 7–10.5 cm; perianth yellow, tube funnelform to cylindric, 8–20 × 12–20 mm, limb lobes erect, subequal, 20–35 mm; stamens long-exserted; filaments inserted above mid perianth tube, erect, yellow, 6–9 cm; anthers yellow, 25–35 mm; ovary 3–4.5 cm, neck constricted, 3–6(–8) mm. |
10–20 per cluster, erect, cylindric-urceolate, 2.5–3.5 cm; perianth pale yellow, sometimes fused with red, tube campanulate, 3.5–7.5 × 8–9 mm, limb lobes not connivent, erect to ascending, subequal, 8–11 mm; stamens long-exserted; filaments inserted 4 mm above base of perianth tube, erect, light yellow, 1.6–3 cm; anthers pale yellow to yellow, 7–11 mm; ovary 0.8–1.5 cm, neck constricted, 4–6 mm. |
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Capsules | short-pedicellate, oblong, 3.5–8 cm, apex beaked. |
short-pedicellate, ellipsoid to obovoid, 1.5–2.2 cm, apex beaked. |
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Seeds | 6–8 mm. |
3–4.5 mm. |
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2n | = 60. |
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Agave americana |
Agave ×arizonica |
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Phenology | Flowering mid spring–early summer. | |||||
Habitat | Rocky slopes in chaparral and juniper-dominated grasslands | |||||
Elevation | 900–1800 m (3000–5900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
sw United States; Mexico
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AZ |
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Various chromosome numbers have been reported for Agave americana under a variety of names, typically without regard to the plant’s origin or its precise taxonomic disposition. Nonetheless, the species is most certainly a polyploid complex based on x = 30, with reports of n = 30 and 2n = 60, 120, and 180 documented by S. D. McKelvey and K. Sax (1933), H. Matsuura and T. Sutô (1935), E. B. Granick (1944), A. K. Sharma and U. C. Bhattacharyya (1962), M. S. Cave (1964), S. Banerjee and A. K. Sharma (1987), Huang S. F. et al. (1989) and B. Vijayavalli and P. M. Mathew (1990). Various dysploids have also been reported (A. F. Dyer et al. 1970; J. L. Strother and G. L. Nesom 1997). See H. S. Gentry (1982) for details. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
as species Of conservation concern. Agave ×arizonica is a hybrid population involving A. chrysantha and A. toumeyana var. bella. Only about 60 clones are known. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 452. | FNA vol. 26. | ||||
Parent taxa | Agavaceae > Agave | Agavaceae > Agave | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 323. (1753) | Gentry & J. H. Weber: Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 42: 223, figs. 1, 2. (1970) | ||||
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