Agave americana |
Agave toumeyana |
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American agave, American century plant, centuryplant, maguey americano |
Toumey agave, Toumey's century plant |
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Habit | Plants acaulescent or short-stemmed, commonly suckering, trunks less than 2 m; rosettes not cespitose, 10–20 × 20–37 dm. | Plants acaulescent, freely suckering; rosettes densely cespitose, (0.3–)1–5 × 1.5–6 dm. | ||||||||
Leaves | erect, spreading to ascending, occasionally reflexed, 80–200 × 15–25 cm; blade light green to green or glaucous-gray, sometimes variegated or cross-zoned, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, smooth, rigid; margins nearly straight or undulate to crenate, armed, teeth single, 5–10 mm, 1–4 cm apart; apical spine dark brown to grayish, conical or subulate, 2–6 cm. |
ascending to erect, (3–)9–46 × 0.5–2 cm; blade light green to yellowish green or dark green with white bud-prints on both surfaces, linear to linear-lanceolate, firm, adaxially plane toward apex, abaxially convex toward base; margins straight, infrequently denticulate, filiferous, fibers conspicuous, white, curled, infrequently sparse or absent, teeth sparse or absent, in proximal 1/2 of blade or near base; apex acute to long-acuminate, spine brown to grayish, subulate to filiform, 0.6–2 cm. |
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Scape | 5–9 m. |
1.5–3 m. |
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Inflorescences | paniculate, not bulbiferous; bracts persistent, triangular, 5–15 cm; lateral branches 15–35, horizontal to slightly ascending, comprising distal 1/3–1/2 of inflorescence, longer than 10 cm. |
spicate, laxly to rather densely flowered on distal 1/3; bracts caducous, linear-triangular, 1–3.5 cm; peduncle 5 mm or shorter. |
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Flowers | erect, 7–10.5 cm; perianth yellow, tube funnelform to cylindric, 8–20 × 12–20 mm, limb lobes erect, subequal, 20–35 mm; stamens long-exserted; filaments inserted above mid perianth tube, erect, yellow, 6–9 cm; anthers yellow, 25–35 mm; ovary 3–4.5 cm, neck constricted, 3–6(–8) mm. |
1 or 2, slightly recurved, 1.6–2.8 cm; perianth greenish white, tube campanulate, 3–4.5 × 6–10 mm, limb lobes erect to incurved, subequal, 6.5–10 mm; stamens slightly exserted; filaments inserted 1–3.5 mm above base of perianth tube, erect, white, 1.1–1.7 cm; anthers pale yellow, 7–16 mm; ovary 0.8–1.6 cm, neck slightly constricted, 3–7 mm. |
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Capsules | short-pedicellate, oblong, 3.5–8 cm, apex beaked. |
sessile, oblong, 0.9–1.5 cm, apex short-beaked. |
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Seeds | 6–8 mm. |
2.5–3 mm. |
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Agave americana |
Agave toumeyana |
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Distribution |
sw United States; Mexico
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AZ
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Various chromosome numbers have been reported for Agave americana under a variety of names, typically without regard to the plant’s origin or its precise taxonomic disposition. Nonetheless, the species is most certainly a polyploid complex based on x = 30, with reports of n = 30 and 2n = 60, 120, and 180 documented by S. D. McKelvey and K. Sax (1933), H. Matsuura and T. Sutô (1935), E. B. Granick (1944), A. K. Sharma and U. C. Bhattacharyya (1962), M. S. Cave (1964), S. Banerjee and A. K. Sharma (1987), Huang S. F. et al. (1989) and B. Vijayavalli and P. M. Mathew (1990). Various dysploids have also been reported (A. F. Dyer et al. 1970; J. L. Strother and G. L. Nesom 1997). See H. S. Gentry (1982) for details. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Both varieties hybridize with Agave chrysantha. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 26, p. 452. | FNA vol. 26, p. 447. | ||||||||
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Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 323. (1753) | Trelease: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 140. (1920) | ||||||||
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