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American agave, American century plant, centuryplant, maguey americano

Toumey agave, Toumey's century plant

Habit Plants acaulescent or short-stemmed, commonly suckering, trunks less than 2 m; rosettes not cespitose, 10–20 × 20–37 dm. Plants acaulescent, freely suckering; rosettes densely cespitose, (0.3–)1–5 × 1.5–6 dm.
Leaves

erect, spreading to ascending, occasionally reflexed, 80–200 × 15–25 cm;

blade light green to green or glaucous-gray, sometimes variegated or cross-zoned, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, smooth, rigid;

margins nearly straight or undulate to crenate, armed, teeth single, 5–10 mm, 1–4 cm apart;

apical spine dark brown to grayish, conical or subulate, 2–6 cm.

ascending to erect, (3–)9–46 × 0.5–2 cm;

blade light green to yellowish green or dark green with white bud-prints on both surfaces, linear to linear-lanceolate, firm, adaxially plane toward apex, abaxially convex toward base;

margins straight, infrequently denticulate, filiferous, fibers conspicuous, white, curled, infrequently sparse or absent, teeth sparse or absent, in proximal 1/2 of blade or near base;

apex acute to long-acuminate, spine brown to grayish, subulate to filiform, 0.6–2 cm.

Scape

5–9 m.

1.5–3 m.

Inflorescences

paniculate, not bulbiferous;

bracts persistent, triangular, 5–15 cm;

lateral branches 15–35, horizontal to slightly ascending, comprising distal 1/3–1/2 of inflorescence, longer than 10 cm.

spicate, laxly to rather densely flowered on distal 1/3;

bracts caducous, linear-triangular, 1–3.5 cm;

peduncle 5 mm or shorter.

Flowers

erect, 7–10.5 cm;

perianth yellow, tube funnelform to cylindric, 8–20 × 12–20 mm, limb lobes erect, subequal, 20–35 mm;

stamens long-exserted;

filaments inserted above mid perianth tube, erect, yellow, 6–9 cm;

anthers yellow, 25–35 mm;

ovary 3–4.5 cm, neck constricted, 3–6(–8) mm.

1 or 2, slightly recurved, 1.6–2.8 cm;

perianth greenish white, tube campanulate, 3–4.5 × 6–10 mm, limb lobes erect to incurved, subequal, 6.5–10 mm;

stamens slightly exserted;

filaments inserted 1–3.5 mm above base of perianth tube, erect, white, 1.1–1.7 cm;

anthers pale yellow, 7–16 mm;

ovary 0.8–1.6 cm, neck slightly constricted, 3–7 mm.

Capsules

short-pedicellate, oblong, 3.5–8 cm, apex beaked.

sessile, oblong, 0.9–1.5 cm, apex short-beaked.

Seeds

6–8 mm.

2.5–3 mm.

Agave americana

Agave toumeyana

Distribution
from USDA
sw United States; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Various chromosome numbers have been reported for Agave americana under a variety of names, typically without regard to the plant’s origin or its precise taxonomic disposition. Nonetheless, the species is most certainly a polyploid complex based on x = 30, with reports of n = 30 and 2n = 60, 120, and 180 documented by S. D. McKelvey and K. Sax (1933), H. Matsuura and T. Sutô (1935), E. B. Granick (1944), A. K. Sharma and U. C. Bhattacharyya (1962), M. S. Cave (1964), S. Banerjee and A. K. Sharma (1987), Huang S. F. et al. (1989) and B. Vijayavalli and P. M. Mathew (1990). Various dysploids have also been reported (A. F. Dyer et al. 1970; J. L. Strother and G. L. Nesom 1997). See H. S. Gentry (1982) for details.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Both varieties hybridize with Agave chrysantha.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves 80–135 cm, 4–6 times longer than wide; capsules 3.5–4 cm.
subsp. protamericana
1. Leaves 100–200 cm, 6–10 times longer than wide; capsules 4–8 cm.
subsp. americana
1. Leaves 40–70 per mature rosette, 19–46 × 1.2–2 cm, margins dentate, or denticulate only near base.
var. toumeyana
1. Leaves 100–200 per mature rosette, (3–)9–20(–27) × 0.5–1.2 cm, margins denticulate below mid leaf.
var. bella
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 452. FNA vol. 26, p. 447.
Parent taxa Agavaceae > Agave Agavaceae > Agave
Sibling taxa
A. asperrima, A. chrysantha, A. decipiens, A. delamateri, A. deserti, A. desmettiana, A. gracilipes, A. havardiana, A. lechuguilla, A. mckelveyana, A. murpheyi, A. neglecta, A. palmeri, A. parryi, A. parviflora, A. phillipsiana, A. schottii, A. shawii, A. sisalana, A. toumeyana, A. univittata, A. utahensis, A. weberi, A. ×ajoensis, A. ×arizonica, A. ×glomeruliflora
A. americana, A. asperrima, A. chrysantha, A. decipiens, A. delamateri, A. deserti, A. desmettiana, A. gracilipes, A. havardiana, A. lechuguilla, A. mckelveyana, A. murpheyi, A. neglecta, A. palmeri, A. parryi, A. parviflora, A. phillipsiana, A. schottii, A. shawii, A. sisalana, A. univittata, A. utahensis, A. weberi, A. ×ajoensis, A. ×arizonica, A. ×glomeruliflora
Subordinate taxa
A. americana subsp. americana, A. americana subsp. protamericana
A. toumeyana var. bella, A. toumeyana var. toumeyana
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 323. (1753) Trelease: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 140. (1920)
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