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American agave, American century plant, centuryplant, maguey americano

mescal agave, Parry's agave

Habit Plants acaulescent or short-stemmed, commonly suckering, trunks less than 2 m; rosettes not cespitose, 10–20 × 20–37 dm. Plants acaulescent, freely suckering; rosettes solitary or cespitose, 3.5–7.5 × 4–8.5 dm, somewhat open to dense.
Leaves

erect, spreading to ascending, occasionally reflexed, 80–200 × 15–25 cm;

blade light green to green or glaucous-gray, sometimes variegated or cross-zoned, narrowly to broadly lanceolate, smooth, rigid;

margins nearly straight or undulate to crenate, armed, teeth single, 5–10 mm, 1–4 cm apart;

apical spine dark brown to grayish, conical or subulate, 2–6 cm.

ascending to erect, 7–65 × 4–20 cm;

blade glaucous-gray to light green, not cross-zoned, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate or broadly ovate, rigid, adaxially nearly plane to concave toward apex, abaxially convex;

margins straight or undulate, rarely unarmed, teeth single, well defined, 3–7(–8) mm, 1–3 cm apart;

apical spine dark brown to gray, subulate or acicular, 1.5–4 cm.

Scape

5–9 m.

(2–)3–6 m.

Inflorescences

paniculate, not bulbiferous;

bracts persistent, triangular, 5–15 cm;

lateral branches 15–35, horizontal to slightly ascending, comprising distal 1/3–1/2 of inflorescence, longer than 10 cm.

broadly paniculate, somewhat open to dense, not bulbiferous;

bracts persistent, triangular, 3–10 cm;

lateral branches (7–)10–36, horizontal to slightly ascending, comprising distal 1/2 of inflorescence, longer than 10 cm.

Flowers

erect, 7–10.5 cm;

perianth yellow, tube funnelform to cylindric, 8–20 × 12–20 mm, limb lobes erect, subequal, 20–35 mm;

stamens long-exserted;

filaments inserted above mid perianth tube, erect, yellow, 6–9 cm;

anthers yellow, 25–35 mm;

ovary 3–4.5 cm, neck constricted, 3–6(–8) mm.

27–48 per cluster, erect, 4.3–8.1 cm;

perianth pink to red or red to orange in bud, yellow to yellowish green at anthesis, tube campanulate, 6–18 × 11–21 mm, limb lobes erect to ascending, unequal, 13–27 mm;

stamens long-exserted;

filaments inserted (sometimes irregularly) above mid perianth tube to just below rim, erect, yellow or green, 3.5–5.8 cm;

anthers yellow, 12–34 mm;

ovary (2–)3–4.5(–4.8) cm, neck slightly constricted, 4–9 mm.

Capsules

short-pedicellate, oblong, 3.5–8 cm, apex beaked.

short-pedicellate, ovoid or oblong to obovoid, 2.5–5 cm, apex beaked.

Seeds

6–8 mm.

7–8 mm.

Agave americana

Agave parryi

Distribution
from USDA
sw United States; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
sw United States; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Various chromosome numbers have been reported for Agave americana under a variety of names, typically without regard to the plant’s origin or its precise taxonomic disposition. Nonetheless, the species is most certainly a polyploid complex based on x = 30, with reports of n = 30 and 2n = 60, 120, and 180 documented by S. D. McKelvey and K. Sax (1933), H. Matsuura and T. Sutô (1935), E. B. Granick (1944), A. K. Sharma and U. C. Bhattacharyya (1962), M. S. Cave (1964), S. Banerjee and A. K. Sharma (1987), Huang S. F. et al. (1989) and B. Vijayavalli and P. M. Mathew (1990). Various dysploids have also been reported (A. F. Dyer et al. 1970; J. L. Strother and G. L. Nesom 1997). See H. S. Gentry (1982) for details.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves 80–135 cm, 4–6 times longer than wide; capsules 3.5–4 cm.
subsp. protamericana
1. Leaves 100–200 cm, 6–10 times longer than wide; capsules 4–8 cm.
subsp. americana
1. Rosettes flat-topped; scape (2–)3–4.5 m; perianth tube 12–18 mm, limb lobes 3–4 mm wide; capsules 2.5–3.5 cm.
subsp. neomexicana
1. Rosettes globose; scape 4–6 m; perianth tube 6–12 mm, limb lobes 4–6(–7) mm wide; capsules 3.5–5 cm.
subsp. parryi
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 452. FNA vol. 26, p. 456.
Parent taxa Agavaceae > Agave Agavaceae > Agave
Sibling taxa
A. asperrima, A. chrysantha, A. decipiens, A. delamateri, A. deserti, A. desmettiana, A. gracilipes, A. havardiana, A. lechuguilla, A. mckelveyana, A. murpheyi, A. neglecta, A. palmeri, A. parryi, A. parviflora, A. phillipsiana, A. schottii, A. shawii, A. sisalana, A. toumeyana, A. univittata, A. utahensis, A. weberi, A. ×ajoensis, A. ×arizonica, A. ×glomeruliflora
A. americana, A. asperrima, A. chrysantha, A. decipiens, A. delamateri, A. deserti, A. desmettiana, A. gracilipes, A. havardiana, A. lechuguilla, A. mckelveyana, A. murpheyi, A. neglecta, A. palmeri, A. parviflora, A. phillipsiana, A. schottii, A. shawii, A. sisalana, A. toumeyana, A. univittata, A. utahensis, A. weberi, A. ×ajoensis, A. ×arizonica, A. ×glomeruliflora
Subordinate taxa
A. americana subsp. americana, A. americana subsp. protamericana
A. parryi subsp. neomexicana, A. parryi subsp. parryi
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 323. (1753) Engelmann: Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 311. (1875)
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