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Middleton false foxglove, Nova scotia agalinis, Nova scotia false foxglove

gérardie pourpre, purple agalinis, purple false foxglove

Stems

simple or branched, 5–30(–47) cm;

branches spreading-ascending, obtusely quadrangular proximally to quadrangular with wings on angles distally, glabrous or sparsely scabridulous.

simple or branched, 7–120 cm;

branches ascending, spreading, or arching, quadrangular-ridged to winged distally, glabrate or scabridulous to sparsely scabrous, especially on angles or also on faces near nodes.

Leaves

spreading;

blade linear-elliptic to elliptic, 6–40 x 0.8–5 mm, not fleshy, margins entire, abaxial midvein sparsely scabrous, adaxial surface scabrous;

axillary fascicles absent or shorter than subtending leaves.

spreading to ascending;

blade narrowly linear to linear or linear-lanceolate, 7.5–50 x 0.5–4(–5) mm, not fleshy, margins entire, abaxial midvein sometimes scabrous, adaxial surface scabrous;

axillary fascicles absent or shorter than subtending leaves.

Inflorescences

racemes, flowers 2 per node;

bracts longer than pedicels.

racemes, short to elongate, flowers 1 or 2 per node;

bracts longer than pedicels.

Pedicels

spreading-ascending, (0.8–)1.5–5.3(–6.5) mm, glabrous.

spreading-ascending, 1–5(–6) mm, glabrous, rarely scabrous.

Flowers

calyx hemispheric-campanulate, tube 1.5–3 mm, glabrous, lobes triangular-lanceolate, 1.1–4(–5) mm, unequal, mid adaxial shortest;

corolla pale to dark pink, with 2 yellow lines and red spots in abaxial throat, or lines faint or absent, (8–)10–15 mm, throat pilose externally and villous within across bases and sinus of adaxial lobes, lobes: abaxial slightly spreading to projected, adaxial slightly spreading or projected distal to corolla mouth, 1.6–6 mm, unequal, pilose or densely so externally;

proximal and distal anthers parallel to filaments, pollen sacs 1–2 mm;

style included, (3–)4–7.5 mm.

calyx tubular-campanulate to hemispheric, tube (2–)3–5 mm, glabrous, rarely scabrous on major veins, lobes triangular, lanceolate, or triangular-subulate, not keeled, 0.8–3(–5) mm;

corolla pink to rosy pink, with 2 yellow lines and red spots in abaxial throat or these pale or absent, 9–36 mm, throat pilose externally and villous within across bases and sinus of adaxial lobes, lobes: abaxial spreading to reflexed or projected to somewhat spreading (small-flowered plants), adaxial erect to reflexed, 2.5–11 mm, pilose externally;

proximal anthers parallel to filaments, distal oblique or perpendicular to filaments (parallel in small-flowered plants), pollen sacs 0.9–4.5 mm;

style included or exserted, 6.5–21 mm.

Capsules

globular, 5–6 mm.

globular, 4–6(–7) mm.

Seeds

brown, 0.9–1.5 mm.

dark brown, 0.7–1.4 mm.

2n

= 28.

= 28.

Agalinis neoscotica

Agalinis purpurea

Phenology Flowering late Jul–early Sep.
Habitat Sandy or peaty soils, margins of pools, lakes, bogs, estuaries, and marshes, sand flats, dune hollows, ditches.
Elevation 0–10 m. (0–0 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
ME; NB; NS
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NS; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Agalinis neoscotica is rare in Maine, occurring only in Washington County on shores and tidal pools, and in adjacent eastern New Brunswick; it is most abundant in southwestern Nova Scotia and is reported from neighboring Grand Manan Island and Sable Island on the extreme northeastern edge of the range of Agalinis.

Features that characterize Agalinis neoscotica are narrow tubular corolla throats with red spots in two rows on the two yellow lines (the lines sometimes absent); corolla lobes that either project forward or are only slightly spreading; relatively small anthers, all held parallel to the filaments; two-lobed stigmas, obvious in live plants but rarely on dried specimens; both anthers and stigma included within the corolla throat; calyx in which the middle adaxial lobe is shortest and curved toward the corolla; bracts longer than both the pedicels and flowers they subtend and, sometimes, longer than the main stem leaves; and leaves with narrowed bases that terminate at a creaselike abscission zone. Agalinis neoscotica has a mixed mating system (H. M. Stewart et al. 1996). Self-pollination occurs in bud but delayed pollen germination allows for out-crossing. Stewart and J. M. Canne (1998) presented data that showed A. neoscotica flower development and morphology differ from those of A. purpurea.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Reports of Agalinis purpurea from the West Indies have not been confirmed.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Corollas 18–36 mm, lobes (4–)5–11 mm; styles strongly exserted; distal anthers perpendicular to filaments; stems 40–120 cm, branches ascending, spreading, or arching.
var. purpurea
1. Corollas 9–20 mm, lobes 2.5–5(–6) mm; styles included or slightly exserted; distal anthers oblique or parallel to filaments; stems 7–60 cm, simple or branches ascending.
var. parviflora
Source FNA vol. 17, p. 548. FNA vol. 17, p. 551.
Parent taxa Orobanchaceae > Agalinis Orobanchaceae > Agalinis
Sibling taxa
A. aphylla, A. aspera, A. auriculata, A. caddoensis, A. calycina, A. decemloba, A. densiflora, A. divaricata, A. edwardsiana, A. fasciculata, A. filicaulis, A. filifolia, A. flexicaulis, A. gattingeri, A. georgiana, A. harperi, A. heterophylla, A. homalantha, A. laxa, A. linifolia, A. maritima, A. navasotensis, A. obtusifolia, A. oligophylla, A. plukenetii, A. pulchella, A. purpurea, A. setacea, A. skinneriana, A. strictifolia, A. tenella, A. tenuifolia, A. viridis
A. aphylla, A. aspera, A. auriculata, A. caddoensis, A. calycina, A. decemloba, A. densiflora, A. divaricata, A. edwardsiana, A. fasciculata, A. filicaulis, A. filifolia, A. flexicaulis, A. gattingeri, A. georgiana, A. harperi, A. heterophylla, A. homalantha, A. laxa, A. linifolia, A. maritima, A. navasotensis, A. neoscotica, A. obtusifolia, A. oligophylla, A. plukenetii, A. pulchella, A. setacea, A. skinneriana, A. strictifolia, A. tenella, A. tenuifolia, A. viridis
Subordinate taxa
A. purpurea var. parviflora, A. purpurea var. purpurea
Synonyms Gerardia neoscotica, A. paupercula var. neoscotica, A. purpurea var. neoscotica Gerardia purpurea
Name authority (Greene) Fernald: Rhodora 23: 139. (1921) (Linnaeus) Pennell: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 40: 126. (1913)
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