Adiantum hispidulum |
Adiantum capillus-veneris |
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rosy maidenhair, rough maidenhair |
black maidenhair fern, common maidenhair, southern maiden-hair, southern maidenhair fern, Venus hair, Venus hair fern, Venus's-hair fern |
|
Stems | short-creeping; scales dark reddish brown, concolored, margins entire. |
short-creeping; scales golden brown to medium brown, concolored, iridescent, margins entire or occasionally with single broad tooth near base. |
Leaves | arching, clustered, 20–37 cm. |
lax-arching or pendent, closely spaced, 15–75 cm. |
Petiole | 1–2 mm diam., adaxially hispid, not glaucous. |
0.5–1.5 mm diam., glabrous, occasionally glaucous. |
Blade | lanceolate, pinnate or occasionally pseudopedate, 1-pinnate distally, 12–18 × 6.5–8 cm; proximal pinnae 1–4-pinnate; indument of light-colored, sparse, multicellular hairs; rachis straight, densely hispid, not glaucous. |
lanceolate, pinnate, 10–45 × 4–15 cm, glabrous, gradually reduced distally; proximal pinnae 3(–4)-pinnate; rachis straight to flexuous, glabrous, not glaucous. |
Ultimate segments | oblong to long-triangular, ca. 2 times as long as broad, progressively reduced toward apex of penultimate divisions; basiscopic margin oblique; acroscopic margin of fertile segments crenulate, sterile segments sharply denticulate; apex obtuse or acute. |
various, generally cuneate or fan-shaped to irregularly rhombic (plants in American southwest occasionally with segments nearly round), about as long as broad; base broadly to narrowly cuneate; margins shallowly to deeply lobed, incisions 0.5–7 mm, occasionally ± laciniate, sharply denticulate in sterile segments; apex rounded to acute. |
Indusia | transversely oblong or crescent-shaped, 1–3(–7) mm, glabrous. |
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False indusia | ± round, 0.6–0.9 mm diam., covered with reddish brown, stiff, needlelike bristles. |
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Spores | mostly 40–60 µm diam. |
mostly 40–50 µm diam. 2n = 120. |
Segment | stalks 0.2–0.3 mm, dark color generally entering into segment base. |
stalks 0.5–3.5 mm, dark color extending into segment base. |
Adiantum hispidulum |
Adiantum capillus-veneris |
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Phenology | Sporulating summer–fall. | Sporulating spring–summer. |
Habitat | Banks and old walls | Moist calcareous cliffs, banks, and ledges along streams and rivers, walls of lime sinks, canyon walls (in the American southwest), around foundations, on mortar of storm drains |
Elevation | 0–100 m [0–300 ft] | 0–2500 m [0–8200 ft] |
Distribution |
CT; GA; Asia in s India; e Africa; Pacific Islands [Introduced in North America] |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; KY; LA; MO; MS; NC; NM; NV; OK; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; BC; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America in Venezuela; Peru; tropical to warm temperate regions in Eurasia and Africa
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Discussion | Adiantum hispidulum is represented by sporadic escapes from cultivation in the flora, possibly naturalized locally. It also has been reported from Florida and Louisiana. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
No evident pattern to morphologic variation in the species is discernible, although a number of segregate species and infraspecific taxa have been recognized within North American Adiantum capillus-veneris. In the Eastern Hemisphere, the species is diploid, with 2n = 60 (I. Manton 1950). Several tetraploid counts have been reported from North America (W. H. Wagner Jr. 1963). Spore-measurement data suggest, however, that the polyploid cytotype may not be widely distributed. Further investigation is needed to determine whether Adiantum capillus-veneris populations in North America are conspecific with those in Eurasia and Africa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 2. | FNA vol. 2. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | A. capillus-veneris var. modestum, A. capillus-veneris var. protrusum, A. capillus-veneris var. rimicola | |
Name authority | Swartz: J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 82. (1801) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 1096. (1753) |
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